Nearsightedness is at epidemic levels – and the problem begins in childhood

https://theconversation.com/nearsightedness-is-at-epidemic-levels-and-the-problem-begins-in-childhood-225255

by pseudolus • 2 years ago

228 170 2 years ago

navjack27• 2 years ago

The heck? My earliest memories before I was walking I couldn't see far away. I was born nearsighted and with a lazy eye that caused me to see double. There wasn't anything anyone could do to prevent this. This article is bringing up a whole lot of data but it's not passing the scrutability test. It almost sounds like it wants to blame people for having nearsightedness.

mort96• 2 years ago

.. what, how does that track? The article is inscrutable because you happen to have been visually impaired at an early age? What's the logic here?

austin-millan• 2 years ago

i.e. "proof by example"

choilive• 2 years ago

people weight their anecdotal evidence higher than scientific evidence. shrugs

SoftTalker• 2 years ago

I have been nearsighted nearly my whole life. I started wearing glasses in 2nd grade, probably needed them before then but who knows. I played outside a lot -- we had recess 3x day in school and most days I played outside until dark when I got home. Had very little "screen time" as the only screen in the house was a 12" black and white television.

metabagel• 2 years ago

Yeah, I think there is a genetic component. I had glasses from the third grade, and I recall spending lots of time outdoors as a youngster. There wasn't much else to do.

vundercind• 2 years ago

My suspicion is a lot of it is due to Winter, and shortening recess times, plus increasing reluctance of schools to send kids outside in anything but perfect weather.

Go to school just as the sun’s coming up -> inside recess because it’s too cold or it’s raining a little -> sunset around 5:00PM.

Schools get kids five days a week for most of the winter, so as parents it’s damn hard to get them outside much while the sun’s up on those days if the schools won’t do it consistently. And you need lots of time in very-bright light to cut your odds of myopia to something very low.

mikestew• 2 years ago

There wasn't anything anyone could do to prevent this.

Maybe they are not talking about you personally. There seems to be strong evidence for time outside being a contributing factor, as one example. That doesn't automatically discount your personal experience, but at the same time any HN reader is well aware the label placed on data from one's personal experience.

A guy who also has probably been near-sighted since birth

Terr_• 2 years ago

In early elementary-school I would memorize what color clothes my friends were wearing each morning, so that during outdoor recess I could find them without meandering between clusters of kids trying to get close enough to check faces.

Then with glasses: "You mean everybody sees like this!?"

So I was already nearsighted when I still cared about climbing trees and trampolines etc., the books and computers phase came later.

m463• 2 years ago

I read that vitamin d deficiency might be related to myopia. It seems controversial though.

Johanx64• 2 years ago

Nothing controversial, but it is more likely a correlation, not causation.

If you're vitamin d deficient, that means you're not spending time outdoors (in the sun).

If you're not spending time outdoors, it probably means you're focusing your vision on short-distance objects, like screens and books. Which naturally leads to myopia for most people.

Obviously, vitamin D supplementation is highly unlikely to do anything to improve the condition, because vitamin D deficiency is just a symptom.

Similarly seasonal affective disorder is also very rarely improved by vitamin D supplementation alone.

devmor• 2 years ago

If the article was about people who've lost arms in childhood and you were born missing an arm, would you still assume it were about you?

mywittyname2• 2 years ago

This article is bringing up a whole lot of data but it's not passing the scrutability test.

I disagree. The environmental causes of myopia are very well understood, and have been an area of research for decades and the treatments have been known for nearly as long. Exposure to sunlight at an early age will reduce prevalence of myopia.

They are not saying it's the only cause of myopia. There are people with congenital myopia, such as yourself. But the the bulk of myopia cases are not congenital, they are developed. This is why myopia prevalence increases as a country industrializes, and children spend more time indoors.

philipswood2• 2 years ago

Most mammals are born with eyes that don't have a depth (and hence optical focus) set correctly for sharp focus on the retina.

The eyes need to use auto focus mechanisms to tune growth rates to correct for this. If something goes wrong you end up with vision problems.

The brain isn't born able to process visual images and needs training data. If the input from one eye is much inferior during learning image fusion it's input is just discarded and you end up with a lazy eye.

mattpallissard• 2 years ago

We've known for all of history that sitting inside for extended periods, allowing yourself to atrophy, not socializing with others, self-indulgence, and neglecting your spiritual and mental health are bad for you.

I get why people study this sort of thing and why it's useful. The thing that I don't understand is why people need studies to tell them they should skip desert, leave the phone on the counter, go outside, and ask your neighbor how they're doing.

As an aside, I was born nearsighted as well. /shrug

aidenn0• 2 years ago

First of all, I predict that approximately zero people will change their behaviors because of this study. So saying "people need studies to tell them" is a bit much.

We've known for all of history that...

I don't want to go too far into the epistemological weeds here, but we've also known that the earth was the center of the solar system and that many health problems are caused by an imbalance of the humors.

infotainment3• 2 years ago

We've known for all of history that sitting inside for extended periods, allowing yourself to atrophy, not socializing with others, self-indulgence, and neglecting your spiritual and mental health are bad for you.

This, IMO, is why WFH is a bad thing and should be avoided.

hombre_fatal• 2 years ago

Only for those who depend on the workplace for their social life. Which might even be most people, but I don’t think it’s healthy.

But here we go again with a rehashed debate.

cannonpr• 2 years ago

I chose to live next to a lovely forest and get to enjoy a walk when ever I like during my workday. When working from an office I was stuck 2 hours each way in an underground tunnel, and then in a tiny box office, preconceptions are a funny thing.

thelastgallon2• 2 years ago

This, IMO, is why WFH is a bad thing and should be avoided.

yes WFH bad. Drive 3 hours to sit in a cube instead with 1/6th the space of your room at home.

micromacrofoot• 2 years ago

versus being stuck in a car alone during that time instead? then go to work and don't have friends because I can't say anything that can get me fired

smolder• 2 years ago

The take away should probably be that while indoors for long periods, you should sit with a window nearby and within view, so you can focus on far away objects periodically. (I've heard 15 second every fifteen minutes or 20 every 20 as rules of thumb.) And maybe take walks outside more often.

Do you have less opportunity to sit next to a window you can look out of periodically, when working from home? I'd think not. Less time to take walks outdoors? Nope. For many people, offices are going to be more of a detriment than a help.

bagels2• 2 years ago

The variety in vocal distances in my home office are much greater. I have a nice sunny window to look out into the distance, and the outdoors are 10 steps away which I indulge in at least every couple hours.

jwells89• 2 years ago

Maybe if it becomes normalized for companies to have several small, localized offices that enable employees to live in lower cost areas while still being within a short drive (or preferably, walk/bike) of home rather than demand that everybody comes into the mothership without paying well enough across the board (not just devs) to make it not prohibitively expensive to live reasonably close by.

In short, as long as hour+ driving commutes are commonplace, WFH shouldn’t be going anywhere.

amanaplanacanal• 2 years ago

We do science because sometimes common sense turns out to be wrong.

Gigachad• 2 years ago

Most of the time "common sense" is actually just stuff that was drummed in to us as kids because it's what the research of the time said. So yeah, you do need these studies, and then they become common sense later.

mywittyname2• 2 years ago

I wish my parents would have known that sending me outside would prevent my needing glasses. Or that schools would have offered some sort of treatment to help prevent it.

I feel like society generally accepts myopia as something you just get, instead addressing it like a disease that can be prevented. Sure, it's manageable with corrective lenses or surgery, but prevention is so simple. Better education, through articles like this might catalyze some of the changes we need to make to allow a lot of children grow up being able to see things naturally.

it's like diabetes, sure, some people are born with it, but others develop it through lifestyle choices. Except in this case, this effects children, who have very little control over their lives. It's up to adults to help them grow up to be healthy.

electriclizard4• 2 years ago

The west has shifted into believing subjective experience is useless compared to objective knowledge.

This is like a BackEnd engineer saying that he doesn't believe the FrontEnd exists.

We've been studying the FrontEnd for the majority of human history, and while many things we've found are just plain wrong in an objective sense, they still have subjective value.

Case and point: look at how meditation has been receiving continuous affirmation from the scientific community.

paulryanrogers• 2 years ago

Case and point: look at how meditation has been receiving continuous affirmation from the scientific community

Has it?

Most of traditional medicine is quackery, as useful and correct as a broken clock.

cmiller1• 2 years ago

*Case in point

swatcoder• 2 years ago

We've known for all of history that sitting inside for extended periods, allowing yourself to atrophy, not socializing with others, self-indulgence, and neglecting your spiritual and mental health are bad for you.

That doesn't really capture the risk-carrying lifestyle they're highlighting in the article, though.

Spending your days contributing to your community in a safely sheltered school, office, etc as part of a social community and then your home time further learning and socializing indoors, with others, doesn't really look anything like what you described but seems to carry the similar risk here.

While some have an intuition that's already skeptical of that life, many people wouldn't give it a second thought. You're being productive, social, healthy, and maybe even physically active. Doesn't sound too bad! But you're not getting much sunlight, you're not seeing a lot of distant focal points, and you're specifically probably doing a lot of reading and watching -- that's where the increased risk of myopia quietly slips in.

MeImCounting• 2 years ago

Except that thats how progress is made. If people like Hooke, Newton and perhaps every other genius who made monumental contributions spent their life outside socializing with others and acting all spiritual we wouldnt have calculus or know about atoms.

greatwave1• 2 years ago

Hooke and Newton did spend a considerable amount of time outside and socializing with others lol

heavyset_go• 2 years ago

I get why people study this sort of thing and why it's useful. The thing that I don't understand is why people need studies to tell them they should skip desert, leave the phone on the counter, go outside, and ask your neighbor how they're doing.

People have all kinds of weird beliefs, and there are entire industries selling quack remedies and therapies that people, willingly and unwillingly, buy into.

Sure it won't reach everyone, but it might reach some people who genuinely thought their previous beliefs and behaviors were "correct".

01HNNWZ0MV43FF• 2 years ago

I prefer not knowing my neighbors

manoweb• 2 years ago

What is wrong with dessert? Last night I cut strawberries with my kids and placed them over some banana ice-cream I made in the morning. Not everybody needs to avoid sugars, especially if the diet is balanced and varied.

strken• 2 years ago

In the US, two thirds of adults are overweight or obese by BMI, and this is roughly the case across most of the developed world. That proportion is likely even higher by body fat percentage, since BMI tends to incorrectly label unhealthy body compositions as healthy. 11% of the population are diabetic and 38% are prediabetic.

I like dessert, have a normal BMI, and don't have diabetes. That being said, desserts like stewed fruit and yoghurt are not representative of what the average person is eating, and any unnecessary food is going to make problems with excess weight worse.

rubicon33• 2 years ago

Born to move, payed to sit.

throwawaysleep• 2 years ago

The thing that I don't understand is why people need studies to tell them they should skip desert, leave the phone on the counter, go outside, and ask your neighbor how they're doing.

I don't want to. I want them to find a different solution.

And eventually they do. The solution isn't skipping dessert, but rather Ozempic.

scotty792• 2 years ago

Doesn't Ozempic suppress appetite so you skip desserts with it, just involuntarily?

code51• 2 years ago

The economy expects us all to be guild navigators - doesn't matter how your body is transformed if you're producing some economic value in the near term.

allen_berg2• 2 years ago

People are perfectly capable of being self indulgent, asocial and neglect their health outside and develop perfect eyesight. I really don't see how the moral judgement is relevant here.

Nasrudith• 2 years ago

Because it allows for oh so convenient victim blaming of course!

sydbarrett74• 2 years ago

TL;DR: Myopia can be staved off by spending more time outside. Unfortunately, accelerating climate change will mean that fewer people will be able to thrive outdoors for extended periods. I hope things like full-spectrum indoor light sources paired with larger screens or projected images 10+ feet away can allow people to regain some of sunlight's benefits without having to contend with scorching temperatures.

I suffer from horrible myopia. I've been an indoorsy bookworm and techie for most of my life and had my first pair of glasses at age 9. Now that I'm almost 50, my eyes are atrocious.

shrimp_emoji2• 2 years ago

Hah. Climate change be damned -- if I had to do it all over, I'd still be inside constantly! :D Miss out on the best things in life (video games, coding) so my last few decades are better? That doesn't really make a whole lot of sense. You should accept you gotta go sometime, and you should have a good time until then!

"Spending time outdoors" is a pre-computers anachronism. You're better off hoping for cybernetic eye implants.

thriftwy5• 2 years ago

But once you have cybernetic eye implants, why stay indoors? You can lie on a grass in a forest and code.

We will stop fighting myopia and start fighting ticks and mosquitoes, I guess...

lispisok• 2 years ago

People will blame literally anything on climate change

Hasz• 2 years ago

I think this wired article is an excellent dive into the issue. Focuses on Taiwan, which has seen an insane rise in myopia.

https://archive.is/ybLnZ

curtis3389• 2 years ago

This article was a great read. Much better than the featured article.

thelastgallon2• 2 years ago

Just like in humans, if visual input is distorted, a chick’s eyes grow too large, resulting in myopia. And it’s progressive. Blur leads to eye growth, which causes more blur, which makes the eye grow even larger, and so on.

So, all the disney/cartoon characters with BIG eyes are myopic?

TMWNN• 2 years ago

I guess Alita: Battle Angel and actresses Cristin Milioti and Ella Purnell are also myopic!

(Joking aside, is there any correlation between large eyes and myopia?)

jdashg• 2 years ago

It's more about aspect ratio: Overly long/deep eyes are more myopic, so cartoon/anime eyes are likely hyperopic instead!

TeMPOraL7• 2 years ago

I'm getting confused. I thought most of my teenage and adult life that it's been settled that "sitting close to the TV causes myopia" and "reading a lot of things causes myopia" and generally "looking a lot at things close to you causes myopia" was total bullshit, up there with "looking at microwave oven while it's active causes myopia".

alphazard• 2 years ago

Reading glasses cost $20 on amazon, and make close objects appear far away.

In case any of you look at something close up all day, and want to make it appear further away.

walterbell12• 2 years ago

Anyone wearing glasses for myopia should have dedicated (reduced) glasses for the exact focal plane of their monitor, placed as far away as practical for the desk.

amluto2• 2 years ago

Fortunately, just a few minutes a day with glasses or contact lenses that correct for blur stops the progression of myopia [link], which is why early vision testing and vision correction are important to limit the development of myopia.

That’s the first time I’ve heard of that, so I clicked the link. It’s a fascinating, and rather distressing, study in chickens, that does not say what the article claims at all.

There is an actual, properly tested (in humans!) childhood intervention that is effective, though: low dose atropine. I’m surprised it wasn’t mentioned. https://www.aao.org/eyenet/article/how-to-use-low-dose-atrop...

nashashmi• 2 years ago

Can somewhat confirm. I always wore glasses. My brother on the other hand would often not wear them. His vision became worse. Mine improved (because I wore them at a slight distance from my eyes right on the tip of my nose).

wincy• 2 years ago

Anecdotal but I’ve had the same -1.5 prescription since I was diagnosed with nearsightedness at 12. I’m 37 now, so 25 years of the same rx, I’d say that’s pretty consistent.

lanternfish• 2 years ago

Counter-anecdote, my prescription has slid double digits since I was first diagnosed at about 7.

totetsu• 2 years ago

My myopia began at onset of puberty and got worse as I grew then stabilized late teens. I was told it was just an eyeball size thing.

Macha• 2 years ago

I was diagnosed at like 6. In that time it's gone from -2 to -10, though it's mostly stabilised from my mid-20s.

In fact the time where it slowed down getting worse was coincidentally the time where my daily near work went from 2-3 hours to 8+ hours as I was doing it professionally and not just in my free time.

Reason0772• 2 years ago

I have the opposite of Myopia. Near-perfect distance vision, but increasingly struggle with reading things that are close. Never had this problem as a child but it's become gradually worse as an adult, since my mid 30s or so.

Now I have glasses with +1 ADD power that help greatly, and can comfortably read tiny fonts on my phone screen again.

zdragnar• 2 years ago

I was diagnosed around age 11, and my eyes have never had a stable prescription for more than two years.

I've given up hope on getting LASIK or similar surgery, and am now just starting to get age related farsighted as well. A few more years and I'll be needing bifocals :/

usehand• 2 years ago

In opposition to the other comments, I have worn glasses since an early age and my vision got progressively worse even after wearing glasses. I know many people in a similar situation. As far as I know that claim is not supported at all

lazyasciiart• 2 years ago

Same. Exactly as my optometrists predicted, too.

Dalewyn2• 2 years ago

I have fairly mild nearsightedness and can corroborate, I've been wearing glasses for about 13 years or so and my sight has very slowly but certainly degraded in spite.

Corrective lenses definitely slow the degradation and improve daily quality of life, but unfortunately the rate of degradation does not reach zero.

thaumasiotes3• 2 years ago

I have worn glasses since an early age and my vision got progressively worse even after wearing glasses. I know many people in a similar situation.

That is normal and expected. I have never heard anyone claim that glasses prevent the progression of myopia. They obviously do not.

There is a theory going around that myopia is caused by insufficient exposure to sunlight, which seems highly plausible to me.

xorbax• 2 years ago

Except you don't know what your vision would be if you didn't have correction, so I'm not sure how that actually says anything

chakintosh2• 2 years ago

Same here. And my ophthalmologist explained to me that the moment you start wearing glasses, your eyes stop making an effort to correct the blur (because the glasses are doing that for them) so the muscles involved in correcting vision become weaker overtime. According to him, the best course of action once myopia begins is to not wear glasses and try to correct it with other techniques.

dr_dshiv• 2 years ago

Atropine! From nightshade (belladonna) or mandrake. Coool. I’m waiting for eye dilation for cosmetic purposes to be cool again.

Wonder how they figured out it helped with myopia in kids…

firejake308• 2 years ago

It's based on understanding the (theorized) disease process and trying to prevent it. If the problem is that you're looking at nearby stuff too much (e.g. phone screens held less than a foot away from the eyes), then that means your eye muscles are contracting too much. Atropine paralyzed the eye muscles and forces them to look further away because nearby stuff would be blurry.

Izikiel432• 2 years ago

NIH seems to say it doesn't work:

https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/low-dose-atrop...

amluto2• 2 years ago

Huh, interesting. Although I feel obligated to object:

After the treatment period, and 6 months after treatment stopped, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of changes in degree of myopia compared with baseline. Nor were there significant differences in axial length within the two groups when compared with baseline measurements.

This implies essentially nothing about the efficacy of atropine — it actually means “if there was an effect, then the study was underpowered for the size of the effect or otherwise failed to detect it.” One could quantify the degree to which the study actually suggests that the treatment didn’t work, but the authors did not do that.

I, too, can fail to detect a benefit to low-dose atropine. Hey, look, I just enrolled 0 subjects and didn’t confirm the effect. So it wasn’t “significant!” But I obviously showed nothing at all.

Looking at the actual summary in the linked paper’s results section, and doing no real math, it does look like it genuinely contradicts the idea that low-dose atropine is as effective as previous studies seem to suggest, which is interesting. But that’s not what the authors, or the NIH summary, wrote!

rawgabbit• 2 years ago

What is the recommended method for correcting myopia? Is laser corrective surgery still popular?

josh_p• 2 years ago

My 7 y/o is taking low dose atropine every night. It’s slowed the myopia progression for about a year now and she’s really great about taking the drops. I’m looking forward to when she’s old and responsible enough for the special contacts that that will also correct the issue.

jMyles• 2 years ago

Hmmm interesting. I have an anecdote to share:

I've been suffering from presbyopia for some years (I'm 41 now, and it seemed to start getting pretty bad around 38 or so). My eyes also often feel dry, itchy, and half-closed. I have floaters in my left eye. If I open both of my eyes very wide, and cover only my left eye with my hand, the problem becomes much less severe.

When I went to an eye doctor, they used a drug, placed in eye drops, to force my pupils to dilate, which I gather is typical.

Not only did these drops provide fast-acting relief from the feelings of dryness and itchiness, but my vision also improved markedly for about a day and a half afterward.

I reported this to the doctor via a phone call, but they either didn't seem to believe me, or didn't seem to care.

I haven't found a solution yet, but I do wish that those drops were commercially available for me to use for experimentation.

Moru2• 2 years ago

There are a lot of different drops without needing the doc, have you tried them? I have similar problems and was told to use the off the shelf stuff and it has worked pretty good. The thicker the fluid, the better the results were. I use "HYLO-gel".

The doctor also warned to stay away from eye drops that has any sort of preservatives, it reacts with the tear fluid and gets almost like sand corns in the eyes.

Also, find a real eye doctor...

salad-tycoon• 2 years ago

I remember making some comments along these lines to my optometrist in my teenage years when I still had the spicy zest of youth and boundless curiosity for pursuit of knowledge. He grunted. That was the first time I realized what burn out was and I felt doomed. Also , my eye sight got worse from first diagnosis in my early preteen years to early adulthood so I concur with your point (aside: Chickens with contacts. God bless you chicken ladies. What will we think of next ? neuralink? Bomb guiding?)

TeMPOraL7• 2 years ago

Bomb guiding?

That's pretty old-school considering that after WWII, seeding industrial areas in Germany with nuclear mines was being considered, and the plan had chickens supplying body heat to prevent the detonators from freezing over in winter.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Peacock#Chicken-powered_n...

renonce• 2 years ago

Try out RGP lens. These are the sort of contact lenses that you wear before sleep and take off the morning. It maintains the shape of your eye, providing sharper vision in the morning with just the naked eye. I wear it since I'm 11 years old and it has effectively stopped the progression of myopia.

TomJansen• 2 years ago

My optometrist said that this is only proven way to stop the progression of myopia. Sadly, I cannot wear these as I have cylinder

deskamess• 2 years ago

Do you have other eye-wear for the day? My daughter had started with regular glasses for near-sightedness which we got quickly when we realized she had trouble seeing in school. This year we did a checkup and the optician recommended specialist glasses (MiyoSamrt) as my daughter had no experience with contacts. I am now wondering if she should try something like RGP at night, and then use her glasses for short-sightedness. I know some treatments can be additive and some other combinations are not recommended (like drops + glasses).

thriftwy5• 2 years ago

So you are sayind I should put chemicql compound in my children eyes for a decade, and when it does not work, you will lash at me for not doing that rigorously enough?

That isn't a great proposition. Think better.

bradfa• 2 years ago

There’s lots of interesting myopia control techniques now for kids. Hard and soft contact lenses as well as extremely low dose dilation medications have all been shown to reduce myopia progression. Some really neat stuff that can definitely help along with getting outside more and staring at close things less.

j45• 2 years ago

I recently learned sleeping in a very, or nearly dark room is critical to not develop nearsightedness.

porphyra2• 2 years ago

Interesting, I haven't heard that. Can you link to some evidence?

porphyra2• 2 years ago

Actually, it seems there is little or no conclusive evidence for this.

[1] https://sleepopolis.com/news/children-night-lights-cause-myo...

[2] https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2000/03/000309074442.h...

[3] https://news.osu.edu/night-lights-dont-lead-to-nearsightedne...

juris• 2 years ago

what if, and hear me out, glasses "cause" myopia?

To my memory, I played outside as a kid and had perfect vision. I didn't have access to a television growing up. I grew, my skull changed, my eye size changed, so my vision got blurry in 1st grade. I was (suddenly) very nearsighted. The teacher noticed, so they put glasses on me. The controversial claim: it is normal for eyesight to change during childhood and in adolescence and glasses may lock in a child's myopia.

Now I'm sure genes and environment, television and computer use, food quality, etc play a big role (my father also wears (weaker) glasses, and we were always low-income / made poor dietary decisions), but if it's the case that eyesight strength is malleable to some extent (with exercise, with playing outside in sunlight vs looking at television), and if it's the case that the epidemic outstrips genetic variance here over this timeline (surely?), I'd bet good money that slapping lenses on a kid during developmental years is as bad as giving a kid a tablet, moreso than one's genes.

I find it interesting that sometimes -my brain- can make out what faraway text reads as is but it is apparently -blurry- to my eyes. Like a blindsight phenomenon? Like the mechanics of sight, the muscle apparatus, etc is weak and underdeveloped (or developed to compensate for glasses), but the brain unhindered by developmental obstruction is doing the 'seeing'. Totally subjective, probably wrong.

Curious what folks might think in countries with traditional Hanzi / Kanji script might think. Are they really seeing what they read? How about their elders? How is it the case that after many years of reading such incredibly small script old folks retain their eyesight, but suddenly their children's children cannot (over a comparatively smaller span of time)? The answer is pretty obviously technology / environmental differences in each generation's developmental years. Why weren't those old folks also screwed? Well they didn't write / read at a young age -> no need for glasses for them early on.

This epidemic is occluded by the advent of the LCD screen, but not directly caused. What if glasses themselves and an increased effort to get kids glasses is playing a role in developing a myopia epidemic?

EDIT: haha, ok, one (unintended, misconstrued) reading of the actual article is "we put cute helmets and lenses on chickens at development and look how we messed up their eyeballs."

imron2• 2 years ago

Related: https://endmyopia.org/

at_compile_time• 2 years ago

They have a large number of testimonials from people who have significantly reduced their prescriptions, as well as with optometrists trying to do the same for their patients. I can't speak from experience, but it's something I want to investigate for myself.

Our bodies are much better at adapting to our environments than we realize. There are parallels with soft modern diets and jaws and teeth that don't receive enough stimulus to develop properly. We're only starting to understand the burden of man-made disease.

walterbell12• 2 years ago

EndMyopia is an opinionated DIY/biohacking discussion of vision therapy. There's an open fork at https://reducedlens.org.

Slow and often expensive vision therapy for myopia helps some people, but not everyone, possibly due to genetic and neuroplasticity differences, https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=false&qu.... Nevertheless, many VT principles can help children whose eyes and brains are still developing. COVD, the professional association has existed for 40 years, https://www.covd.org/page/About_Us

  The College of Optometrists in Vision Development (COVD) is a non-profit, international membership association of eye care professionals including optometrists, optometry students, and vision therapists. Established in 1970, COVD provides board certification for optometrists and vision therapists who are prepared to offer state-of-the-art services in Behavioral and developmental vision care, Vision therapy, Neuro-optometric rehabilitation.

With the advent of affordable prescription glasses being sold online by the same lens manufacturers that sell to expensive retail optometrists, it's now possible to DIY your own regime for under-correction of myopia. But it takes time, patience and care with constant re-measurements to track progress and adjust the lens strength. Even then, it doesn't work for everyone. When it works, it borders on the miraculous.

bagels2• 2 years ago

While having two myopic parents does mean you’re more likely to be nearsighted, there’s no single myopia gene. That means the causes of myopia are more behavioral than genetic.

This stinks of faulty logic.

j7ake• 2 years ago

Yeah it’s terrible. There is also no single height gene, but one wouldn’t say height is more behavioural than genetic.

andyferris• 2 years ago

I agree, but it’s worth pointing out that height is also quite strongly affected by environment (we’ve seen average height grow a lot due to improving diets since the Great Depression).

ummonk• 2 years ago

Have there been any controlled studies on whether the use of fresnel lenses on books / screens to move the focal distance to infinity helps reduce / prevent myopia?

SpaceManNabs• 2 years ago

Lots of the comments are really far off.

The solution is more sunlight during childhood and early adult years. It seems that sunlight is an important signal when it comes to eye growth and shape development.

This has been confirmed for at least a decade.

No need for any particular supplement or food or anything. Literally just go outside for 30 min to 2 hours (can't remember the recommendation).

Kids need recess back.

WarOnPrivacy2• 2 years ago

The solution is more sunlight during childhood and early adult years.

Kids can go out front and stand there. And that's what they can do.

In FL they can do that in ~100° + ~100% humidity. School is out all summer to allow that. During not-summer months, kids have schools to keep them safely away from any not-awful weather. Because crops or something.

WarOnPrivacy2• 2 years ago

Has anyone ever studied how the War On Darkness (the elimination of dark nighttime) might be affecting our eyesight (or other facets of our health)?

User23• 2 years ago

The childhood treatment for myopia is borderline abuse. Imagine treating childhood obesity with motor scooters. It’s basically that bad.

Obviously the eye, like every other body part, is subject to Selye adaptation. The correct treatment is clearly a training stimulus that reverses the myopia, not one that reinforces it.

Personally, my myopia stopped progressing when I stopped letting the eye doctor update my prescription. The reason, again obviously, is because my eyes are trained with constant close up work, but vision exams assume I spend my time looking at objects 20 feet away.

It would be nice to find an optometrist willing to work with me on reversing my myopia with a prescription suitable for my daily activities, but the ones I’ve talked to all have thoroughly calcified on the subject.

walterbell12• 2 years ago

optometrist willing to work with me on reversing my myopia with a prescription

High-quality and affordable glasses can be purchased online without a prescription.

EyeBuyDirect (US) and Clearly.ca (Canada) are owned by EssilorLuxottica, global optical behemoth.

walterbell12• 2 years ago

Show HN (Feb 2024) with browser plugin demo, https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39484590

There is a small neural network on the retina that tries to detect if the eye is far-sighted (most people are born far-sighted), and it is producing dopamine to slow or increase eye growth rate. It is not very smart, and if you do a lot of near-work it can think you are still hyperopic, causing further myopia progression. So, based on the refractive properties of the eye the software calculates the signal that would convince the retinal neural network that the eye is long enough, so it would produce dopamine, a known signal to stop axial eye growth. (based on myopic defocus LCA from the papers[2][3])

  Refractify is the worlds first software to apply myopic defocus effect on the screen. Pre-clinical studies suggest that it may slow the progression of myopia or even prevent it. This makes the screen look on the retina naturally as if it was at a greater distance. This is possible because there are slight detectable differences in the statistical properties of the light depending on how far it is coming from due to Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration(LCA) and other effects. LCA simulation is being used in computer graphics since at least 2017 to enhance depth perception, but only recently has it gained research interest for its myopia prevention properties.

[2] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-26323-7

[3] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S00144...

jxy• 2 years ago

if you do a lot of near-work it can think you are still hyperopic, causing further myopia progression.

Does this mean we should let our eyes see blurred images so our eyes would feel like they are seeing far away stuff and stop axial eye growth to stop myopia. This is in direct contrast to the claim in the post

a few minutes a day with glasses or contact lenses that correct for blur stops the progression of myopia

which believes corrective lenses that correct for blur would stop the progression of myopia.

walterbell12• 2 years ago

Note the references to color in the 2022 Nature paper:

Here we show that, even though filtered movies looked similar, eyes became significantly shorter when the movie was sharp in the red plane but became longer when it was presented sharp in the blue plane. Strikingly, the eyes of young subjects who were already myopic did not respond at all—showing that their retina could no longer decode the sign of defocus based on LCA. Our findings resolve a long-standing question as to how the human retina detects the sign of defocus. It also suggests a new non-invasive strategy to inhibit early myopia development: keeping the red image plane on a computer screen sharp but low pass filtering the blue.

Projectiboga• 2 years ago

There was a paper around 15 years ago comparing kids in Singapore and expat kids of same ethnic group in Australia. Much lower myopia in the expat community's kids, whom spend more time outside. When I mentioned it to a physician I knew from my kid's school he said the trick is shifting focus from farther away back to close. I live in NYC I got my kid looking at the features on buildings near us, we are lucky to have good views from a small walk up. So the trick is to excersize focus, looking further down the road or street and then back to something real close. Me and my wife have myopia, kid is 20/20 and has exited the risk age now.

philipswood2• 2 years ago

The high levels of light outside almost certainly helps too.

paulkon• 2 years ago

The reason for this seems to be

1) extended depth of field with a smaller pupil in bright sunlight (smaller aperture) that keeps objects at a wider range in focus

2) biochemical cascade responding to certain wavelengths in sunlight that produce a “stop growth” signal in the retina

walterbell12• 2 years ago

the trick is shifting focus from farther away back to close

Hence the 20:20:20 guideline that says after 20 mins of near work, one should spend at least 20 seconds looking at an object 20 feet away. The same principle applies to extended contraction of your arm, core, eye or other muscles.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spasm_of_accommodation

allen_berg2• 2 years ago

Cool trick for knowing when to use whom: if it can be replaced by he/she/they, it should be who. If it can be replaced by him/her/them, it should be whom. In this case, "whom spend more time outside", could not be written "them spend more time outside" but could be written "they spend more time outside" thus it should be "who spend more time outside".

rossjudson2• 2 years ago

Both my kids wore glasses. This year we learned about Ortho-K contact lenses. When worn overnight, these halt the progression of myopia and correct vision for the next day. The kids have responded really well to them, and I wish we'd known about them earlier.

tripdout• 2 years ago

Do these work on 20-year olds?

rossjudson2• 2 years ago

AFAIK they work on anybody. Pilots use them to keep 20/20 vision.

MichaelRo• 2 years ago

I didn't wear glasses as a child and only started doing so in my 30s, when I got my driver's license. At the eye exam the doctor fond out I need about -2 diopters and was rather amazed "did you always see like this and not use glasses?". I honestly don't know.

Anyhow it's about 15 years since and my diopters haven't changed. Also I never use the glasses when up close (ex: reading a book or watching something on my phone). I do use them when at my computer since the monitor is a bit too far to read comfortably. And outside, only if I drive and need to see very clear what's in front. Otherwise no glasses and they bother me: sure, things are a little blurry far away but I'm used to that.

Overall: my myopia is stable and don't know if it's genetic or by the habit of wearing glasses only when absolutely necessary and using the naked eye otherwise.

Which gets me thinking to ... dental care. I'm 46 and have all my teeth, sure some may have some incipient cavities. But some 20+ years ago I went to a dentist and he basically said "Your teeth are terrible, I basically need to puncture and put a filling in every one of them", to which I said "Thanks, I'll think about it" in loud voice and "Yeah, right" in mental one and left. Went to another dentist (a woman this time) and she said "I'll be honest. There are some incipient cavities but it'll do more harm than good breaking the tooth enamel and putting a filling at this point. Monitor them and when they progress, come back". They haven't progressed much in 20 years so again I don't know: would 17 fillings (a figure of style for "many, many fillings") would have helped more over the course of 20 years?

thaumasiotes3• 2 years ago

They haven't progressed much in 20 years so again I don't know: would 17 fillings (a figure of style for "many, many fillings") would have helped more over the course of 20 years?

No. If they're not progressing, there is no problem to solve.

Dental sealant might be worthwhile.

walterbell12• 2 years ago

Optometrist legal liability for driving license exams are one contributor to incremental over-correction over a human lifetime. One can manage this risk by taking the eye exam first thing in the morning (vision deteriorates over the course of a day) and wearing weaker glasses when not driving, or during near work.

adyavanapalli• 2 years ago

Asianometry had a great video on nearsightedness in China: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3YWbR8K0jT4

rzmmm• 2 years ago

I was surprised by the fact that people with slight myopia often need reading glasses (presbyopia) later in life compared to people without myopia. Myopia might not be that "pathological", more like early life adaptation for certain visual stimuli.

aszantu• 2 years ago

When I must have been very very young, I remember, nobody was coming and I was alone in my crib, looking up at some carrot toy that was floating, but too far away to reach. then I noticed the rainbow, when the light breaks at the eye lashes. I probably looked a lot at them, they're pretty, still do sometimes.

But that behaviour must have driven the myopia, because I later learned that they'd leave me on purpose, so I'd not cry so much.

Then I was bullied a lot, so security was always on the paper in front of me, good reason to not look up, lol.

hnbad• 2 years ago

From what I've read elsewhere on the topic of childhood myopia, the answer seems to be a combination of two factors:

1. spending a lot of times on screens means the eye only focusses at objects at a very close distance most of the time, this seems to cause eye strain which is why for adults working with screens the recommendation is to focus on objects in the distance every now and then

2. sunlight somehow (the exact mechanism seems to be unclear) contributes to the development of eye shape in children, in other words a lack of sunlight can cause the eye shape not to adjust as the body growth, impairing eyesight and causing myopia

The effect of 1 seems to be minute compared to 2 and the latter can be solved by literally just spending time outside. Putting your toddler outside to watch their iPad seems to be literally better for eye sight than taking the iPad away but keeping them inside. Of course the ideal solution would be having the kid outside without the iPad but if it's a choice between the two, getting them outside is the more important focus - and it's often the easier one too.

mattjaynes• 2 years ago

Ask yourself, how much brighter is it outside than inside (assuming a sunny day vs a brightly lit office)? Before looking into this, I would have guessed 2X or 3X, but would you believe it's actually over 100X!

I bet most people's guess would also be off by 1 or 2 orders of magnitude.

Even outdoors in the shade, it is over 50X brighter than indoors.

(For specific numbers and comparisons, see: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6656201/ )

Apparently, our eyes adjust so quickly to the difference that we have a very poor sense of the magnitude of light change between indoors and outdoors.

I bring this up because one of the largest factors in myopia development appears to be outdoor light exposure in childhood.

Genetics are likely a factor too, but light exposure seems to have a huge effect: "The prevalence of myopia in 6- and 7-year-old children of Chinese ethnicity was significantly lower in Sydney (3.3%) than in Singapore (29.1%), while patterns of daily outdoor light exposure showed that children living in Singapore were exposed to significantly less daily outdoor light than Australian children." (from the same study linked above)

The obvious takeaway for parents, schools, and governments: ensure your children have plenty of outdoor playtime. It will greatly reduce instances of myopia (not to mention the benefits from higher Vitamin D levels, exercise, etc).

(This is a repost of my comment from 3 years ago on the same topic: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25909557 )

scotty792• 2 years ago

Maybe have your kids room as bright as outside with >200W of LED lightning?

thriftwy5• 2 years ago

So if you're living in a multi-storey apartment block in a place where there are periods of rain, cold and darkness, naturally your routine will not be conductive of spending lots of time outdoors. What's the plan B?

Sure, if you live in Australia with a tiny population living in own houses (while they can still afford those), they risk UV-burns more than myopia. But that doesn't scale that great.

walterbell12• 2 years ago

Nothing can replace full spectrum natural light, so face a window or go outside, when possible, https://endmyopia.org/why-vision-is-worse-at-night-and-on-cl...

Indoor, try Sylvania TruWave LED (2700K, high CRI, low flicker, high lumens), https://gembared.com/blogs/musings/the-best-daytime-white-li...

joenot443• 2 years ago

I think most people are capable of spending time outside every day, even if they live in an apartment.

I’m typing this from a cafe in Manhattan, I try to walk at least a few km every morning. I did the same thing when I lived in Seattle. My understanding is you don’t need direct Australia-level sun to get the benefits we’re talking about.

Nevermark• 2 years ago

Screens are the disease. AR is the cure.

Not really, or at least not yet. In the future perhaps VR/AR devices can provide a flexible focal distance, for eye health.

I find it a relief that with the Vision Pro I don't need reading glasses. I can even "focus" closer than I could before I needed those darned things. Just a couple inches or so from my nose. Would be nice to also keep my eye's lenses focused at distance. The VR/AR separation of lens and stereoscopic focus is interesting.

iamthejuan• 2 years ago

My theory is that people who always use their eyes to look at short distance objects, like staying indoor and doing indoor activities only, makes the muscles used by eyes to focus -- shorter. People need to go out or at least make it a habit to look at long distance objects or horizon to increase the range of motions involved in focusing.

Nearsightedness is at epidemic levels – and the problem begins in childhood

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