Japan plans to create 10B 14-digit phone numbers with 5G era approaching

https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/05/14/national/japan-plans-create-10-billion-14-digit-phone-numbers-5g-era-approaching/

by Ultramanoid • 7 years ago

76 103 7 years ago

japantimes.co.jp

lostmsu2• 7 years ago

Can't we use email addresses instead?

noselasd• 7 years ago

Why ?

lostmsu2• 7 years ago

Why not? Federation, one less identifier to remember, can send an email, if the callee unavailable.

GreaterFool• 7 years ago

Given that the population of Japan is <130M and is only going to go down from now on, what's the point? :)

14-digits?!?! Yikes. Not looking forward to using that!

SenHeng3• 7 years ago

For those that haven't RTFA Japanese phone numbers have 11 digits, 123-1234-1234, of which the first three are reserved as identifiers. A lot of people also carry two phones. Many companies also still have fax machines. Even my pocket wifi has its own phone number (can't be dialed).

8 digits is only 100,000,000 possible unique numbers. So it looks like they're simply running out of numbers.

cbg0• 7 years ago

If the first three are reserved, why not just expand on those? There are sufficient 3 digit combinations for whatever they would need.

delhanty• 7 years ago

Japanese phone numbers have 11 digits

10 digit numbers are still in use:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Japan#10_...

ebg13• 7 years ago

8 digits is only...

Sure, but the US with a much larger population only uses 10. 14 is bonkers, especially if it's just to preserve a method that basically wastes 3 of them.

manjana3• 7 years ago

Machine-2-machine (M2M) communication might play a role in the big number of addresses, not sure though.

lifthrasiir2• 7 years ago

You are correct, the 020 prefix is exclusively reserved for M2M. The "conventional" 070, 080 and 090 prefixes are used for smartphones & M2M and the Japanese government has tried to move the vast majority of M2M to 020. It was already expected that the current 11 digit number for 020 is not sufficient, and AFAIK there is a plan for numbers up to 14 digits.

a_t48• 7 years ago

Maybe there will be a checksum digit. :) Given how rarely I enter contact information in manually, it doesn’t seem that unreasonable to have a larger phone number - nowadays it’s either clicking a link, opening a QR code, or copy pasting some text to make a new contact.

onion2k2• 7 years ago

I would guess that these numbers will be hard-wired to "Internet of Things" devices, and this is a move to centralize the control of them. If every device has it's own telephone number that can't be modified and a 5G modem built in then the government (via phone companies) has a huge amount of control - sending messages, commands, remotely monitoring them, bricking them...

kalleboo8• 7 years ago

Every device on a 3GPP network (GSM/UMTS/HSPA/LTE/5G) already has a unique IMEI burned into it (and in most countries it's illegal to reflash the IMEI since they're used to ban stolen devices), phone numbers don't matter for "government control".

Someone• 7 years ago

”The communications ministry plans to create some 10 billion 14-digit phone numbers starting with “020” for assignment.”

I expect “020” isn’t currently a valid prefix in Japan. If so, this makes it a lot easier for software to know whether it has to wait for more digits in a phone number.

There probably are lots of other unused three-digit prefixes, but one has to assume what one deploys now will stay around forever (one century and counting), and that the future will demand space for things we have no idea of.

And 14 isn’t that bad. Bank accounts in Gibraltar (population 35,000 or so) have 23 characters, Kuwait’s (population 4,5 million) have 30, Malta’s (population about 500,000) 31 (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Bank_Account_N...)

gpvos3• 7 years ago

Except that there are already 11-digit 020 numbers in Japan, so hopefully it'll be something like 0200..0202 11-digit and 0203..0209 14-digit. Otherwise you'd need a database lookup already just for the length of the number.

For “internet of things” devices, 11-digit numbers starting with “020” have been used since January 2017.

C1sc0cat3• 7 years ago

15 is the ITU max BTW - something to be aware of for HN contributors when setting up DB Schemas that stope phone numbers.

raverbashing• 7 years ago

Sorry for being cynical, but I've had my share of "things that would never happen because of standards/regulations/common sense" happen when you're storing data in DBs

Phones have at most 15 digits? I'm putting 20 or 25 just in case.

fwn• 7 years ago

Not looking forward to using that!

I thought that as well, but the more I think about it..: I'm pretty sure I did not type out a phone number for the last 5 years.

It's all numbers already saved in my contacts, new numbers I got via some form of text message or numbers on websites and the Google app.

It might be that people don't really type number all that often anymore.

manjana3• 7 years ago

14-digit!? No one can possibly remember that easily... Why not alphanumeric and make the address space so big that people can chose one that would be possible for a stranger to remember immediately - like we have domain names, e.g.: cecelia_alberto OR charlotte1231

Ultramanoid3• 7 years ago

Does anybody actually remember phone numbers these days ?

Edit : I do remember the half a dozen I use or might really need, and already feel like an outlier. ( And as pointed in another comment, they're already 11 digits each. Not that much of a difference. )

manjana3• 7 years ago

No, properly not perhaps. But it would be a nice feature when you have to exchange phone numbers.

ars• 7 years ago

Does anybody actually remember phone numbers these days ?

Children do, or should. Even very young children should be taught until they have memorized their own phone number.

And even older children might not have phone yet, but still need to be able to call home.

dazc• 7 years ago

I have had the same number for 10 years. A few months ago I made a conscious effort to remember it since I was getting fed up of referring back to my contacts list on a daily basis.

isostatic2• 7 years ago

Does anybody actually remember phone numbers these days ?

Yup, all the ones I knew as a kid in the 80s and early 90s, and haven't used for 2 decades.

faissaloo• 7 years ago

I'm 18, the only number I remember is 08456060973 because it was used for a radio show I used to listen to and they'd repeat it constantly. I seldom communicate via the telephony network, if I need to call someone I call them on Telegram, my mum uses Viber, my Dad uses Skype, and if I need to message someone there's more than enough options for that.

graywh• 7 years ago

I haven't learned a new phone number in almost 14 years. And the ones I do know are all in the same area code, so I really only have to know 7 digits each.

dageshi2• 7 years ago

Memorising peoples phone numbers is about as ridiculous as memorising ipv6 addresses, sure you can do it, but what's the point? You've got a perfectly capable computer in your pocket to remember it for you.

C1sc0cat3• 7 years ago

A battery powered device which is prone to failure / running out of power

robjan• 7 years ago

You were involved in an accident and your phone was destroyed. Your doctor asks you who they should call. Now what?

gpvos3• 7 years ago

The numbers are for machine-to-machine communication. No one will be calling them.

majewsky• 7 years ago

14-digit!? No one can possibly remember that easily...

I have no problem at all remembering my 22-digit IBAN. I know people who memorize random-generated 30-character passphrases. But yeah, we don't seem to be the norm.

kalleboo8• 7 years ago

Why not alphanumeric

Because that mean re-inventing the phone system and making it incompatible with all existing and future devices made for the whole rest of the world.

These are going to be for 5G IoT devices anyway, the phone number is just going to be for billing use, all the actual traffic is going to be over IP

isostatic2• 7 years ago

I remember 12 digit IP addresses all the time

avar• 7 years ago

How are these allocated under the hood? Wouldn't it make sense to stick all of these phone numbers in an IPv6 /64 at this point, with the "14 digit" just being a convention mapping to some range in that space?

sametmax• 7 years ago

Is a simcard always supposed to have the same ip ? How would ip spoofing would affect the phone network ?

zamadatix• 7 years ago

Why not, a single /64 has way more address space than a MAC-48 and we've been permanently assigning those to hardware (including phones) for years.

I don't think the spoofing question would change based on what identifier you use. Whatever identifier you give you have to ask and answer the question.

tamrix• 7 years ago

It could even be cool to call someone by a domain name like an .id.jp that pointed to that address.

gpvos3• 7 years ago

You mean something like 4.1.4.1.6.5.4.2.0.2.1.tpc.int ?

https://web.archive.org/web/20111014211308/http://www.tpc.in...

srmarm• 7 years ago

Considering > about 32.6 million of the 80 million numbers starting with 020 had already been assigned

It seems a bit odd that they're putting the 14 digit numbers on the same 020 prefix that half the 11 digit numbers have already been released for. Seems like some chance for confusion where the first 11 digits collide. I'd have thought it'd make more sense to give a new 3 digit prefix for this class of numbers.

toast02• 7 years ago

Someone mentioned they've been assigning prefixes in 020 to carriers in order. The thing to do then is make say 020 [0-3] be 11 digit numbers, and 020 [4-9] be 14 digit numbers. Then it's easy to validate.

I doubt they would assign 14 digit numbers where the 11 digit prefix was assigned to someone else, but, if they were desperate for space, they might make the 020 prefix all be maybe 11, maybe 14 and as 11 digit numbers were released, issue 14 digit numbers with the same prefix.

lifthrasiir2• 7 years ago

As many seem to wonder about details, this is my understanding of the situation (I've posted some below, but this format would be better):

- 070, 080 and 090 prefixes are being used for mobile phones and M2M (machine-to-machine) communications since 1999. They are 11 digits long and the future shortage was expected.

- 020 prefix was created exclusively for M2M in 2017. The existing M2M numbers do not have to migrate, but it is recommended for most cases as 020 prefix has no requirement for the number portability and QoS. So the creation and expansion of 020 prefix is irrelevant to the population estimate.

- Since 0204 prefix was already used for pagers, and since 0 is a trunk prefix in Japan, there were initially 80 million numbers available, starting with 0201--0203 and 0205--0209.

- It was envisioned that 80 million numbers do not suffice for the future expansion of IoT devices, so there was already a plan for 13- or even 14-digit numbers at the time. Note that while 14-digit numbers are within the E.164 recommendation (e.g. +81-20-XXX-XXXXXXXX = 020-XXX-XXXXXXXX) it does seem to cause some serious engineering problems to tackle.

- 020 prefix was allocated in the increasing order, so numbers up to 020-536-XXXXX are allocated as of May 2019 [1]. It is expected that the digit expansion will happen in the remaining area.

- While 020 will greatly postpone the exhaustion, existing 070--090 prefixes would be eventually full in the future. 030, 040 and 060 prefixes once used but now vacant are reserved for this inevitability.

[1] http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000477284.pdf

JimboOmega• 7 years ago

But why would Japan run out of phone numbers with the population shrinking?

While of course IoT devices need to be addressable, that's more of an IPv6 problem than a phone number problem.... right? A person might have a few numbers, at most - and a flat if not shrinking number (I used to have home, work, cell; but have only had cell for a while now)

thefounder• 7 years ago

At some point we should stop using numbers and use something like an email address.

Funes-• 7 years ago

Indeed. Using self-descriptive "handles" or usernames such as @name.surname or @company.city would be great for caller and texter identification, as well as user discovery--if they want it to be public, that is. That, and having to send a request before you can contact anyone would bring some control and protection back to the user.

epanchin2• 7 years ago

How would international calls work?

Moeg• 7 years ago

The same way website addresses work, DNS type of thing?

digitalsushi• 7 years ago

if we're going to reinvent PSTN, can we also include in that specification an arbitrary length numeric passcode that a number owner can set, and reset, to require for the call to ring through, or even return the SIT if the passcode fails?

neilalexander• 7 years ago

Incidentally, this is already possible with SIP, which is behind most standardised VoIP signalling. In particular it allows for federation too.

andyjohnson0• 7 years ago

Regarding machine-to-machine communications, I'm wondering if these extra numbers are needed because mobile devices require a phone number to interface to mobile networks, even thought they typically only initiate data exchanges. Or‡ are there devices that actually receive phone calls - as in dial-up?

‡ not familiar with tech in Japanese infrastructure

michaelt• 7 years ago

There are certainly cheap GPS trackers that send SMS messages. Of course, those are usually sold to consumers rather than into the M2M market.

lcnmrn2• 7 years ago

What's wrong with case insensitive letters?

US-ABC-900-900 can be a beautiful phone number and global. 165,216,101,262,848 numbers per country.

US-ABCD-900E-900R in case we run out of numbers again.

jasonhansel• 7 years ago

Most countries don't use the English alphabet, so I'm not sure if that would work outside the US.

dagw2• 7 years ago

Most countries don't use the English alphabet

I strongly suspect that most countries (and certainly a majority of the world population) use a super-set of the English alphabet though.

lcnmrn2• 7 years ago

Even digits can be written differently in other languages.

https://www.omniglot.com/language/numerals.htm

kalleboo8• 7 years ago

It would be incompatible with everything that already exists

sschueller• 7 years ago

What do we have IPv6 for? I thought these 4G/5G networks run a TCP stack and telephony on top of it. Why do we phone numbers for device to device communication?

lemcoe9• 7 years ago

Give me a call at [2607:f8b0:4004:802::200e] and I'll tell you.

ianlevesque• 7 years ago

Only robots make phone calls now.

metrix• 7 years ago

Give me a call at metrix.afraid.org instead.

pteraspidomorph• 7 years ago

You could encode the addresses as 24 letters and numbers (a to z, case insensitive) but I'd say dns is probably a better solution.

zaroth• 7 years ago

That's "8kEUuBoURjsxZ" in Base56.

Or using the PGP wordlist, "bookshelf amusement Vulcan phonetic crackdown alkali merit candidate aardvark Atlantic"

So obviously that's not going to work! But IPv6 isn't meant to be a static identifier. We have DNS for that.

I do think there's a future where the concept of "phone number" no longer exists. But this isn't it.

EDIT: Made it clear I agree with lemcoe9 that this doesn't work.

lmm• 7 years ago

A phone number is just an entry in my phone's address book - I don't think I dial them by hand any more often than I type an IP address by hand.

kalleboo8• 7 years ago

Why do we phone numbers for device to device communication?

For billing, mainly.

The phone number in 3GPP protocols is the IMSI = international mobile subscriber identity, which identifies a user on the phone network. You swap out your SIM card, and you swap out your IMSI. You roam abroad, and the foreign network knows who to send the bill to.

The alternative would be to keep an international database of IMEIs (device IDs) like CDMA networks did. Using SIM cards with IMSIs ended up being more consumer-friendly.

sp_nster• 7 years ago

Probably the most accurate of all reasons for lack of options

gcb0• 7 years ago

For the same reason we have DNS.

gumby• 7 years ago

M2M should just use IPv6 natively which would leave enough 11 digit numbers for human use.

And the fact that they are willing to go to 14 digit means they know that few people dial numbers manually anyway.

throw0101a2• 7 years ago

In case anyone is wondering, ITU E.164 specifies that maximum length of a phone number is 15 digits:

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.164

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_number

Given that Japan's country code is +81, that leaves thirteen digits for however Japan wants to assign it internally.

Japan plans to create 10B 14-digit phone numbers with 5G era approaching

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