Britain’s output per person is now only just above that of Mississippi

https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/2026/07/uk-productivity-economy-reform-party/687303/

by SanjayMehta • 1 month ago

86 137 1 month ago

inglor_cz2• 1 month ago

Anecdotally, I meet some Polish returnees from the UK when I am in Poland.

You can often tell by something like a small Union Jack hanging by the checkout bar etc. (they seem to cherish the memories), and I like to ask them about their experience.

The consensus seems to be that it does not make sense to bear British costs of living for British wages anymore, and that the living standards have reached approximately the same level here at home.

Something very similar was said to me in 2023 by a youngish barista in Riga, Latvia.

gadders• 1 month ago

At a large company I know, offshored Polish developers now cost more than ones in the North of the UK. So I think Poland has come up as much as parts of the UK have gone down.

inglor_cz2• 1 month ago

Oh yeah, Poland has grown tremendously. I still remember Poland at the end of the 1980s when the Jaruzelski junta relinquished power: poor, shabby, nothing in the shops, badly dressed people looking for oblivion in wodka wyborowa.

Nowadays it is an optimistic and rich country. A few weeks ago, I walked around Chalupki, a relatively unknown small Silesian town on the border. I noticed that most of the family houses just shone with new facades and generally had the "we are fairly wealthy" look; they could have stood in Switzerland. And you could find all sorts of high-brow food in the local Zabka store, like seven types of Kombucha.

ch4s36• 1 month ago

It's odd to me that there's only a passing mention in one paragraph about energy costs effecting places like Stoke-on-Trent, and dwelling on austerity as though government cuts caused industry to leave. England has the highest electricity prices in Europe and that is surely what has been driving industry out of the country in the last 30 years.

applfanboysbgon4• 1 month ago

living standards fall well below Mississippi’s

GDP is not a measure of living standards. The NHS alone puts even the poorest Brit's living standards above Mississippi.

ReptileMan2• 1 month ago

A lot of fellow Eastern Europeans travel back home to get medical care. This is good testament about the quality of care and personal in UK - since ours are like take out of a horror movie

f6v2• 1 month ago

Eastern Europeans doing "medical tourism" is often powered by higher salaries in the West and lower living standards in the East. That's true not only for healthcare but for majority of services. You absolutely can get quality private care in the West - it's just much more expensive. The private care is also much less affordable for the locals in the East.

Yizahi3• 1 month ago

While true, isn't that a rich life benefit in general? E.g. Brits can choose (important hat they have options) to trade some time to get even cheaper and just as good healthcare services compared to Mississippians who don't have such an option at all. So an aggregated quality of life for Brits is even higher because of that.

jtbayly• 1 month ago

Both GDP and living standards are discussed in the article. The NHS is addressed near the beginning as proof of the deteriorating condition of living standards. 1/10th of the population are on a waiting list for care. 1/10th have done DIY dental work.

You're right that GDP is not a measure of living standards. But neither is saying "NHS" a measure of living standards. Do you actually have a measure you could refer to in order to prove the article wrong?

bonzini4• 1 month ago

Considering Mississippi has 7-8 years less of life expectancy than the UK, the onus of proving who has better healthcare is probably not on the Brits.

drcongo• 1 month ago

My kids are very unlikely to get shot at school.

tzs• 1 month ago

About Britain:> 1/10th of the population are on a waiting list for care. 1/10th have done DIY dental work

1/10th the population of Mississippi does not have health insurance.

55% of adults in Mississippi over 65 have lost 6 or more teeth. In the UK it is about 45%.

codeduck2• 1 month ago

The unfortunate thing is though that general medical care under the NHS is a complete postcode lottery - if you're lucky enough to be registered with a decent practice you're okay, if you're not you're screwed.

On the other hand, emergency medicine through the NHS is probably just about the best you can get. I cannot sing its praises highly enough.

tajd• 1 month ago

Yes, cannot say highly enough of the emergency medicine. Timely and effective.

ch4s36• 1 month ago

I wouldn't be so sure about that. The article outlines how hard it is to get dental care in the UK, which just isn't going to be as difficult in Mississippi. Mississippi's Medicaid covers emergency dental care so it's available, you just probably have to drive, but that's true of most things in most of the US. The real healthcare issue in Mississippi is the shortage of providers, which is also an issue in most of the UK.

NopIdoN• 1 month ago

Emergency dental treatment is available in the UK "within 24 hours or 7 days, depending on your symptoms."

https://www.nhs.uk/nhs-services/dentists/how-to-find-an-nhs-...

greggoB3• 1 month ago

This comparison of the large Western European economies (most frequently Germany) to America's poorest state based on GDP-per-capita is all the rage on the US right at the moment.

It's an eye-catcher, but obviously fallacious - the usual counter has been to point out the life expectancy difference of 10+ years.

Not that most people are particularly interested in nuance, smh

BoggleOhYeah• 1 month ago

Some people are just all-in on the moronic MAGA nationalism and refuse to earnestly engage with critiques of the US. America is always better than Europe, even when it's not.

CalRobert3• 1 month ago

Life expectancy is complex and there's more to it than healthcare. Certainly habits, exercise, diet, etc. are a big part of it as well.

pb74• 1 month ago

The gap is nowhere near that large when controlling for the difference in demographics. Despite that, America is undeniably obese which is easily the largest factor contributing to life expectancy.

roryirvine2• 1 month ago

A comparison between the quality of life of someone on median income in Mississippi vs the equivalent in the UK / Germany / France would be an extremely effective counter, too.

indoordin0saur2• 1 month ago

GDP is not a measure of living standards.

An even stronger case is pointing out that Japan has a lower GDP per capita than Mississippi. But walk around Japan and try to claim that it's "poorer" than even a wealthy state in the US.

ecshafer• 1 month ago

Japan has less trading houses at increasingly high valuations to pump up their GDP.

paytonjjones• 1 month ago

walk around Japan

Ok and then go into the average person's living quarters.

There are many non-trivial differences that make these comparisons complex; GDP is about as good as you can get.

Macha• 1 month ago

Tokyo and Kansai, sure. But a lot of rural Japan is pretty clearly in line with rural US states.

this_user• 1 month ago

Maybe should actually read the article.

The National Health Service, the celebrated pillar of the British cradle-to-grave welfare state, has a backlog of 6 million patients—almost a tenth of the population—waiting for treatment. The health service now has to spend more money settling maternity-malpractice claims than it does on actually providing maternity care. Many Brits can neither obtain an appointment with a publicly funded dentist nor afford a private one; in a 2023 survey, one in 10 reported doing DIY dental work, in extreme cases extracting their own teeth or gluing broken crowns back together.

applfanboysbgon4• 1 month ago

It is paywalled. I only had access to the first two paragraphs. Regardless, that description changes nothing. "The NHS is overburdened" is a problem, but it is still better than not having the NHS at all.

OtherShrezzing• 1 month ago

The health service now has to spend more money settling maternity-malpractice claims than it does on actually providing maternity care

This figure is from an article in the Times, and has no connection to official NHS figures. The Times just guessed how much it might be, and reported it as fact. Then, since The Times is a paper of record, other news outlets have run with it.

dofm13• 1 month ago

That article fails to note that the USA lags behind the UK in global rankings of overall dental health. We are either joint fourth (Sweden) or fifth; the USA is ninth.

NHS dentists are scarce for policy reasons that are inexcusible. But private dental care here is not actually particularly expensive unless you want it to be, and it is good.

(Again, don't imagine that "private healthcare" in the UK is expensive in the way it is in the USA).

We have our problems and they are escalating in some ways, but my main issue with this article is that again US writers tend to assume that words and terminology have their US meaning and broader connotations.

Standard of living comparisons that use US concepts (car ownership, air conditioning ownership, even in the recent past comparing how many people dry their clothes outdoors, which is common American poverty indicator) just cannot capture the nuance in a way that makes sense.

grey-area• 1 month ago

To make it worse, this is gdp per capita, a pretty worthless statistic. Someone else below points out the comparison with Japan.

lucasRW4• 1 month ago

It's fascinating to see to what lengths people will go to maintain their denial.

As someone who has been in and out, the poverty increase in Western Europe is astonishing. Whatever metrics I will show you, will meet something like "oh yeah but metrics X doesn't mean anything", but still, 20y ago buying a car was fairly standard. Going on holidays same. Let's not talk about buying a house. Nowadays, any of the above is considered as a sign of being "privileged", while it used to be middle-class before.

inigyou2• 1 month ago

The same in the USA. The other day I saw someone claim that people have it better now because they have more phones and TVs, and that somehow outweighs not being able to afford cars and houses.

anonymousiam• 1 month ago

Are you sure about that?

https://thenationalpulse.com/2026/06/09/emergency-room-delay...

fsckboy• 1 month ago

GDP is not a measure of living standards.

if you don't maintain per capita GDP, you will not be able to maintain living standards.

ndsipa_pomu• 1 month ago

However, GDP may be measuring the opposite of living standards. In the UK, the NHS will be effectively paying cost prices for healthcare (which is generally available free to the public), whereas Mississippi will presumably factor in expensive healthcare as part of the GDP. Higher GDP, but a lower living standard if you have very limited access to healthcare.

jmyeet3• 1 month ago

So I've long had the theory that the primary cause of economic malaise is high housing prices. It makes labor more expensive. It makes everything more expensive. Treating houses as investments actually kills the economy.

I recently came across an actual economist who has been saying the exact same thing, which he calls the Housting Theory of Everything [1]. He has written a number of papers on this doing the math and has a bunch of videos around this topic.

For example, this gap with Missouri actually goes away when you consider purchasing power [2].

Fudge himself is a capitalist but he points out what I think a lot of capitalism defenders don't know, and that is that Adam Smith hated "rentiers", saying they got unearned income by essentially hoarding land. That's a problem we have now.

His theory uses a term he calls the "rentier black hole" [3] and the premise is essentially that the returns on property are too good such that it sucks away any investment on productive ventures. Instead of building a factory in Manchester, you park your money in Knightsbridge property. And that's where all the money is going. It increases the returns and sucks away all money.

[1] https://henryfudgeofficial.substack.com/p/the-housing-theory...

[2] https://www.tiktok.com/@henryfudgeofficial/video/76490164617...

[3] https://www.tiktok.com/@henryfudgeofficial/video/76404878354...

applfanboysbgon4• 1 month ago

I'm not at all convinced that reasonable housing prices are a magic bullet for the economy. Housing in Japan is treated as a depreciating asset rather than an investment and is dirt cheap (outside of the most desirable parts of Tokyo, of course, but even then it's a pittance compared like-for-like with, say, desirable parts of NYC), and Japan's economic stagnation for decades is nonetheless well-known; it could be the dictionary illustration for "economic malaise". Of course, reasonable housing policy should still be pursued... just with basic human living standards being the justification rather than "it'll make our economy numbers go up" justification.

jmyeet3• 1 month ago

Japan's economic malaise is a big topic that's mostly driven now by a rapidly aging population. Why is it aging? Low fertility rates [1]. So why are fertility rates so low? It kind of started with the housing bubble in the 1980s that created a youth unemployment crisis (ie hikikomori), which has now come to the West where we now have a youth unemployment crisis (and thus NEETs). I found this [2]:

Japan made the same discovery thirty years earlier. The hikikomori phenomenon (young men, predominantly, who withdraw from social life entirely, sometimes for decades) emerged in the 1990s, after Japan’s asset bubble burst and the lifetime employment compact dissolved. The cultural commentary at the time, both Japanese and Western, framed it as a peculiarly Japanese pathology, something about shame and conformity and the pressure-cooker school system. This was wrong. It was a structural response to the closure of the productive ladder, and it has now appeared in every developed economy that has reproduced the same structural conditions.

It's worth noting that the US fertility rate is alos below replacement levels (~1.54) but the only thing that props up our population is immigration. Japan eschews immigration as a de facto ethnostate. South Korea is further along in that crisis. China will need to find a solution too.

But there are cultural reasons here too. Japanese work culture, pay relative to work, etc.

[1] https://www.macrotrends.net/global-metrics/countries/jpn/jap...

[2] https://henryfudgeofficial.substack.com/p/degeneracy-is-a-sy...

littlexsparkee• 1 month ago

High housing prices will kill a good economy but having moderate rents will not somehow jumpstart a bad economy. JP's slump isn't evidence against housing theory of everything.

indoordin0saur2• 1 month ago

Japan makes me feel very confused about what economic statistics actually mean. People have great housing, beautiful and safe neighborhoods, ample access to the world's best transit, tons of entertainment and cultural products to access, excellent education and one of the longest life expectancies. Sure, they maybe have some minor problems. But I suspect that if an alien came down to Earth, toured all the countries and then was asked to rank which ones it thought were the richest without looking up economic stats I'd expect it would rank Japan near the top.

jeffbee• 1 month ago

Japan's "malaise" is fiscal, an outcome of one way to analyze the public balance sheet. Japan's standards of living remain exceptionally high.

win311fwg4• 1 month ago

Treating houses as investments actually kills the economy.

Failure is always a possibility, but historically it hasn't killed the economy, it has rebalanced the economy; seeing businesses and people reduce their concentration in a specific area as they fan out into lower cost areas. Which is a rather useful function. This is why we're not all living in one giant heap somewhere in Africa.

jmyeet3• 1 month ago

Where do you think the term "rent-seeking" comes from? To quote Adam Smith [1]:

“As soon as the land of any country has all become private property, the landlords, like all other men, love to reap where they never sowed and demand a rent even for its natural produce.”

In the mid 1990s, the average house price in London was under 80k. It's now pushing 700k. Are salaries 9x? No. What is this other than stealing from the next generation? Raising house prices are nother more than a massive wealth transfer from the young and working to the old and wealthy.

but here's the bigger problem. If you have essentially a guaranteed 9% return on a highly-leveraged asset with tax advantages and government guarantees, why would you invest in a factory or a business? That's the real reason manufacturing has hollowed out in the UK.

I agree with Xi: houses are for living, not speculation [2]. We should absolutely punish rampant speculation by heavily taxing land hoarding.

[1] https://www.prosper.org.au/geoists-in-history/adam-smith-on-...

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houses_are_for_living,_not_for...

tharmas3• 1 month ago

Excellent post!

It's structural. A big problem is the Banks. They would rather lend for asset accumulation (rent seeking) than for production. In Canada, mortgage lending is literally zero risk as the banks are covered via CHMC against any defaults. Ultimately its the tax payer who is on the hook. Hence the massive housing-based economy.

And none of the politicians ever fix the structure because many of them are property owners.

alephnerd6• 1 month ago

1. Both the US and the UK are large countries with significant federalism and devolved powers. I think subnational HDI is a better metric [0] instead of GDP per Capita.

Once you remove the outliers that are London and the Southeast (there isn't a similar subnational comparison that can be made within the US), developmental indicators between much of the US and the UK are the same.

2. After seeing the riots in Belfast last night where rioters specifically targeted and burned the homes of Black residents [1], I'd be inclined to agree that the United Kingdom does have some hallmarks of Mississippi, and in some sense is worse. We haven't had targeted race riots in the US for decades. The UK has had 3 in the last year.

[0] https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/USA+GBR/?levels=1+...

[1] https://www.bbc.com/news/live/cr47x99k5n6t?post=asset%3Ab5f8...

dofm13• 1 month ago

Including that middle-aged white supremacist American citizens with money or power like Musk and Vance are actively using their media mouthpieces to stir the pot.

I mean, if the US argument is, as a friend, things are not working out well and they hope for better, that's one thing.

But actually prominent Americans are agitating for violence and backing extreme right-wing parties like Restore. It's appalling and it goes beyond unfriendliness to hostility.

(And do you really need targeted race riots when you can just sign up as police and kill Black people with impunity?)

theghostboi• 1 month ago

Well the thing is the US more or less has a larger diaspora population that became integrated and successful and actually had good social mobility regardless of background. The UK has a lot of areas where mobility has been rather difficult.

You look at every diaspora group and they have some level of success in reaching some good levels in business, politics, and culture. Even for groups that only arrived around 50 years ago they managed to become so ingrained into their communities that they pretty much can get respect.

alephnerd6• 1 month ago

That does not justify a pogrom and collective punishment.

And if you have true conviction in your beliefs you should use your primary HN account instead of a throwaway.

roryirvine2• 1 month ago

Not excusing the rioters in any way (especially since friends and family living in that part of Belfast are directly affected by it), but it's fair to say that a US citizen bears a great deal of responsibility for incitement.

(It's probably also unwise to view it as being racist in the American sense - instead, there's a complex set of overlapping bigotries at play. None of them are good, but it's not simply based on skin colour. Musk and his extremist friends don't understand it either, but clearly don't give a fuck.)

alephnerd6• 1 month ago

Not denying Elon Musk (who is an English South African immigrant btw) role and I gladly accept American far-right involvement, but there was clear organization at the local level, which is unsurprising given NI's history of paramilitaries.

It feels like just about every Brit and NIer on HN has been trying to absolve responsibility for what has become a common occurrence in the British Isles now. that to deny and absolve the very real local level organization that occurred is what irks me.

The reality is British rightwingers like Steve Hinton and Paul Marshall have also been influencing American politics just like American rightwingers have in the UK. And the UK (and Europe in general) was always a much shittier and racist experience for a BAME like me versus the US.

It's probably also unwise to view it as being racist in the American sense

It definetly is. I have extended family who are BAME in the UK and Scandinavia, and were around during the old school BNP wave. None of this shit has changed, and acting "holier than thou" pisses us off.

swishbx• 1 month ago

GDP is a measure of economic output only. It doesn't say if that output is actually efficient or useful. For example, if everyone in a country is in perfect health, they might have a very small medical expenditure, which would negatively impact GDP.

lucasRW4• 1 month ago

True of course, this is ONE indicator, but a key one, and what matters is not so much that the metric now matches Mississippi. It is that it used to match the wealthiest states in the US, and now it matches the poorest.

The metrics are similar for most of western europe, which objectively destroyed its economies over the past 30 years throught "social-democracy", 50% taxes, crazy state expenditures, bureaucracy, etc.

tharmas3• 1 month ago

You forgot neoliberalism, Bank lending to fund asset accumulation by the wealthy with no lending for asset production.

havblue2• 1 month ago

The article never said poverty is only a function of gdp, so I'm not sure who your comment is directed to. The article discusses gdp per capita, the devaluation of the pound, declining wages and the decline of health care all in the free paragraphs. If those things go in the wrong direction you can indeed be as poor as Mississippi.

dofm13• 1 month ago

I love the Atlantic but here we go again: Americans defining Britain in American terms as if they are the ineffable, indisputable default.

The USA, right now, is heading into its own Suez crisis, with a de facto king attacking its democracy, and literally cannot even organise a proper birthday party at the most prestigious address in the world.

The UK has many problems we must grapple with, but I think, maybe, right now is not the time to argue from a US default position. Not least while your three vice president ghouls (Musk, Vance and Rubio) are so loudly cheering for us and all of Europe to fail.

To quote your first king, clean up your own backyard.

lucasRW4• 1 month ago

Musk, Vance and Rubio are cheering for Europe to wakeup. Quite the opposite of what you say.

dofm13• 1 month ago

Explicit US foreign policy seeks to undermine the EU — literally meddling in favour of people who wish to see the EU federally weakened.

And Musk argues for violence, including at far-right rallies.

This is not some positive, friendly, brotherly call for us to wake up — it's an argument for white supremacy (as most recently outlined by Pete Hegseth, weekend TV anchor turned defence secretary).

pb74• 1 month ago

You have a literal king, so maybe you shouldn't criticize them lest the coppers show up at your doorstep. Our "king" was democratically elected and has so little power he can't even organize a birthday party as you say, let alone do anything else.

dofm13• 1 month ago

so maybe you shouldn't criticize them lest the coppers show up at your doorstep.

Not sure what you imagine the UK is like but we literally don't have lèse majesté laws, so there is no legal basis for that to happen. It does not happen. (And no, merely saying it online isn't a basis either).

Apart from stupid comedy overreactions at the coronation protests that exasperated us all and saw significant pushback (our police lean so firmly against use of force at protests that they sometimes do silly things in the name of stopping "disruption"), we have a rich, varied, centuries-long tradition of being able to soundly criticise our monarchy.

Indeed we did so with such efficiency recently that our king actually listened and took his own brother's title, powers and roles away.

Meanwhile there are people in the USA fighting lawsuits over being falsely imprisoned for saying true things about Charlie Kirk.

qingcharles2• 1 month ago

Sure, there is a guy with a title of King, but this isn't some medieval fairytale ruler. The British monarchy has effectively zero power over the country and its population and are simply there for historical reasons and to continue making the country a rather lovely tourist destination.

SanjayMehta2• 1 month ago

He's organising a 250th birthday party, complete with an octagonal UFC ring on the White House lawns, so there's that.

havblue2• 1 month ago

I doubt there are many people at the Atlantic who voted for Trump and the author has worked for the Economist before. So I'm not sure what you're asking for, unless you're saying he should move back to London if he's to write about the UK.

dofm13• 1 month ago

Ahh well if he worked for the Economist that explains it. Sorry, I didn't realise.

I didn't suggest that Trump voting was the problem. Americans of literally all political persuasions have simply no idea how this country actually works. There is a level of ignorance that is often comical.

The reverse is not true in quite the same way. If you were to ask an American to name UK political figures, most cannot. Whereas our coverage of your political system is such that anyone with a passing interest in politics can _really_ get into it on US politics; it's a very asymmmetric experience that is hard to explain.

blini-kot• 1 month ago

I can't really even be smug about the framing anymore, this is like a developer deflecting blame for a bug by saying "oh I don't know, it was cursor/claude"

fl4regun• 1 month ago

In spite of this, I think I'd rather live in the UK than in Mississipi.

tharmas3• 1 month ago

Agreed. Its not just the size of the pie but how it is sliced up.

Canada is on the same footing as Mississippi regarding GDP per capita. But if you look at the economic standard of living of the poorest income earners in Canada verses their equivalent in Mississippi, the Canadian has a better standard of living.

In the USA, the size of the pie is quite big and the wealthy get a much bigger slice of that pie than most other Western countries.

IAmBroom2• 1 month ago

Especially if one is sick, a child, has skin darker than a peachy beige, or has a mother tongue other than English.

atx2bos• 1 month ago

No idea where you're based, nor am I trying to argue there isn't racism in Mississippi. However, Mississippi has one of the highest percentages of black population per US states.

CalRobert3• 1 month ago

Is it possible that maybe Mississippi.... isn't terrible? I've never been there but is it just a given that it's a horrible place to live? I understand their schools have improved a good bit, at least. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_Miracle

cyanydeez• 1 month ago

educating 10 years of children isn't going to erase generations of doing nothing.

glimshe• 1 month ago

Like most of the South, where I proudly live, it's a place where the poor and rich live very different lives. It has pretty bad places (just like the UK), but it has areas with great quality of life and is far from "horrible".

black6• 1 month ago

I've lived in Mississippi Hill Country, the Delta, and the Mississippi coast. The Delta is awful. Mechanization in farming and fleeing industry left the population behind to wither. North MS and the coast both have great things going for them and are relatively nice places to live, especially when cost of living is taken into account.

alephnerd6• 1 month ago

Is it possible that maybe Mississippi.... isn't terrible

Pretty much. Mississippi does have significant issues (it's HDI [0] is significantly lower than anywhere else in the UK or US), but is comparable to peers in Metropolitan France [1] such as Normandy, Lorraine, and Picardy, as well as several regions of Italy [2]. Basically, not great but also not some third world despair of darkness.

Most likely, if a deeper subnational analysis was done of Mississippi, there would be a stark difference in HDIs between the unindustrialized Delta and industrialized North and Gulf Coast.

That said, at least it's been decades since Mississippi has seen a race riot where rioters were purposely burning black people's houses like what we saw in Belfast last night [3].

Plenty of Brits need to do some soul searching. There's a reason why even despite Trump, everyone who is eligible for an O1 tries to come to the US over London. Comparing the UK with Mississippi based on GDP per Capita is facetious, but the UK is similar to Mississippi in many other ways.

[0] https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/USA+GBR/?levels=1+...

[1] https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/FRA/?levels=1+4&ye...

[2] https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/ITA/?levels=1+4&ye...

[3] https://time.com/article/2026/06/10/belfast-protests-erupt-k...

evmar2• 1 month ago

I was curious about comparisons like the ones you're making between US states and EU countries and made this little app, maybe you'll find it useful!

https://evmar.github.io/states/

casey2• 1 month ago

From your article

It is disappointing, but not surprising, that the lion’s share of the effects of the “Mississippi miracle” are yet another case of gaming the system. There is no miracle to behold. There is nothing special in Mississippi’s literacy reform model that should be replicated globally. It just emphasizes the obvious advice that, if you want your students to get high scores, don’t allow those students who are likely to get low scores to take the test.

Holding students back a grade is how things worked previously, it leads to students dropping out of school 20%-50% for once, 80-95% for twice. They also found that any improvement in test scores fades to below average by middle school.

If a student is failing to learn the same material 180 days in a row, why would 180 more days help? For any mentally normal child 180 days is already well more than enough.

vermooten• 1 month ago

HS2 Phase 1 as a whole required 8,276 public-body consents, but those were not 8,000 permits for the bat structure.

Britain’s output per person is now only just above that of Mississippi

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