AI demands more engineering discipline. Not less

https://charitydotwtf.substack.com/p/ai-demands-more-engineering-discipline

by BerislavLopac • 1 month ago

429 212 1 month ago

charitydotwtf.substack.com

workbox• 1 month ago

I did not enjoy reading this article. The writing was fine, and each individual paragraph was fine, but the whole thing together was meandering and dare I say pointless. It was so many words and yet so little seems to have been said.

argee2• 1 month ago

I'm not sure this article had enough thought put into it. For example:

    What happened in 2025 was this: the economics of code production were turned upside down. Instead of being very hard, time-consuming, and expensive to generate code, it became effectively free and instant. Lines of code went from being treasured, reused, cared for and carefully curated, to being disposable and regenerable, practically overnight.

It's not so much as "the economics [...] were turned upside down", but that a manufacturing process that used to be strictly additive (akin to 3D printing) is now complemented by a subtractive process (akin to CNC milling). The "shape" that is demanded hasn't really changed, and nor has the human effort (as long as you care about achieving certain tolerances). You still have to "treasure, reuse, care for, and curate" your product to whatever degree the market demands.

Also I disagree with:

    Lines of code are not the ideal artifact to review

What does "ideal" mean here? When I was growing up "show your work" was the rule for all examinations. Why? Because we're working to improve mental models and thought processes for the next generation, not just products we will release tomorrow.

molsongolden3• 1 month ago

I think the point is that there are better engineering artifacts to review instead of lines of code. Encoding the decisions, structure, requirements, testing, monitoring, then reviewing those and having AI generate and regenerate code based on them. The code itself doesn't matter if enough thought and rigor has gone into the structure that produces the code.

What does "ideal" mean here? When I was growing up "show your work" was the rule for all examinations. Why? Because we're working to improve mental models and thought processes for the next generation, not just products we will release tomorrow.

They're saying that the mental models and thought processes are incredibly important but that code is not the place for that work to live.

z0r• 1 month ago

As soon as I read the quoted paragraph, I rapidly scrolled to see how much more was written, then closed the tab. Generating a lot of code might be 'free' now but the generated code is very costly. I don't have the time to read an article written upon such a premise.

stephbook• 1 month ago

My vibe sense tells me AI slop. It's just too much vacuous text in general and "not x, but y."

ed_elliott_asc• 1 month ago

I enjoyed it, people post on blogs as a way to entertain themselves, not necessarily the reader.

nielsbot• 1 month ago

meta, but: I gave up. I found the language really hard to follow and the point of the piece didn’t stand out to me. shrug

SrslyJosh2• 1 month ago

The writing was fine, and each individual paragraph was fine, but the whole thing together was meandering and dare I say pointless. It was so many words and yet so little seems to have been said.

I bet that I know why!

dogleash• 1 month ago

The intro lobbed up a clear cut point of contention for the article to address. I found the following writing to loose steam on that point. I turned to skimming, and did not manage to find a conclusion.

I suspect the stance they described as one readers mistakenly took away from their previous article to in fact be their stance. Otherwise why dance around it so hard?

BhavdeepSethi• 1 month ago

Same, I like the general idea of that post. But the structure and verbosity made it such that I wouldn't want to share it with others.

glouwbug2• 1 month ago

Before 2023 I remember everyone here on HN championed that removing lines of code was the strongest senior metric

esafak• 1 month ago

Simplification is still good. I remember one senior that only removed code when he joined the company I was at until he became a manager!

hungryhobbit2• 1 month ago

Ok, I like the idea and support that seniors value simplicity ... but how the hell do you stay employed for even a month (let alone until "manager time") without writing any code?

bluGill• 1 month ago

Removing lines of code without removing functionality.

hashmap2• 1 month ago

arent they still? or at least a lot. its too much current to win the swim race against the deluge of llm LOC. but i also disagree with some of the things the author just casually lays out, which is whether the LLMs can write good code. they write working code, but it looks written by a demogorgon and i get a bit ill seeing it. its bad but not bad in a way that a human would ever write, like i dont get that kind of sick reading spaghetti code written by new devs. it's a kind of sick like cthulhus eggs are hatching somewhere in your guts.

AndrewKemendo• 1 month ago

Broadly concur with this and in fact it’s all of this is going to make doing real engineering easier in my opinion

The author makes the wrong assumption though that the majority of people who are doing engineering want to do even more engineering.

It’s my experience that most technology workers just want a high paycheck and have some kind of association with being in tech and doing cool things

rustystump• 1 month ago

That is the problem imo. Most tech workers want a big check and no work. Gross. I like the work. But i do get wanting to get a nut with little effort.

lstodd• 1 month ago

a high paycheck and have some kind of association with being in tech and doing cool things

yeh, I can see how that is now mistaken for a definition of 'engineer' or 'hacker'.

I am sorry you never knew what engineering truly means.

e12e3• 1 month ago

Great article. I'm not sure the author is correct - but I think something is happening to the adage:

A sufficiently detailed specification is runnable code.

In a way I think LLMs will enable the dream of 4gl and "sufficiently smart compilers"[c].

LLMs aren't smart, but they are capable. Especially capable of translation and transformation.

I can certainly see them help move the abstraction horizon at which we work - so that rigid high level descriptions of the desired logic/process along with the process for quality testing - become the relevant curated artifacts - and the generated go/rust/java/python/etc code become incidental and mutable; subject to constant rewriting as part of the deployment of systems.

[c] You know, the ones that take naive C/C++ and produce executables that fully leverage RISC/EPIC platforms to be better than CISC. See also: Intel Itanium

glouwbug2• 1 month ago

This is what Anthropic did with agents and $20k to write a C compiler that survived gcc’s torture suite. But the LLM knew:

1. What a C compiler was

2. What a C compiler looked like

3. What the C compiler had to do at runtime to pass gcc’s torture suite through some sort of collaborative iteration (compile, run, did it get stuck at some torture suite test or fail?)

Remove 1 and 2, or replace it with imperfect business logic, and you’re left with a system that is built to _only_ pass the tests you supply it, or in the most extreme case, print(“unit and functional tests pass!”)

LtWorf7• 1 month ago

It was also trained on gcc and clang.

kstenerud• 1 month ago

This has been my experience with AI.

Writing software begins with a solid design that is defensible. If you don't have that, the AI will produce slop.

Once you're happy with the design, you need a solid plan. If you don't have that, the AI will produce slop.

Once you're happy with the plan, you can set the AI loose, but don't get too complacent! Anything that you missed in the previous phases could very well lead to slop (although likely localized).

And then then, as your project matures and you gain more understanding of the space, you start to notice deficiencies in your model. This is where AI really shines: design and code changes to adapt to reality.

msteffen2• 1 month ago

I liked this article, and I see a lot of other commenters didn't, so I'll give my take:

When starting on a new codebase, how do you make yourself into a helpful contributor as quickly as possible? I go straight for the humans and their human docs. What problem was the system originally built to solve? What was the original design, and what were its biggest problems? Who is currently using it? If you know these, reading the code is much easier because you can guess why things were done the way they are.

Also, this blog post has gotten popular: https://blog.gpkb.org/posts/just-send-me-the-prompt/

I think Charity is observing a very old problem and expecting the new technology to lead to a new solution of some kind. I doubt she thinks even the current generation of tools are the end of the AI software development story. She's not saying we'll drop design docs right into Claude code and walk away (design docs aren't complete either, that's why when you're ramping up you also have to talk to people, read old tickets and postmortems, etc.)

What she's observing is that, in prod, people don't like infra where it's hard to tell how it got into is current state, and so infra-as-code is what we do now. She's also observing that, "it's hard to tell how it got into its current state" is the status quo with codebases, which other people have observed going back to "Programming as Theory Building" and earlier. And she's expecting that, analogous to infra, software development will somehow be done with tools focused on making "how the code got into its current state" clearer.

molsongolden3• 1 month ago

I wonder if the reception is so variable due to differing exposure to 1) infra as code and 2) engineering teams that don't produce any artifacts outside of their code.

When starting on a new codebase, how do you make yourself into a helpful contributor as quickly as possible? I go straight for the humans and their human docs. What problem was the system originally built to solve? What was the original design, and what were its biggest problems? Who is currently using it? If you know these, reading the code is much easier because you can guess why things were done the way they are.

This is the way but plenty of engineering teams don't have any human docs at all. Decisions are made in one engineer's head or in a chat that isn't saved. The spec was just a few notes in a ticket that was deleted during cleanup or lost when the team changed trackers. There's no map of the codebase or features, no ADRs, minimal observability. All you have is the code. You read the code to try and figure out what is going on then ping an engineer who made a recent commit to a specific area to ask if they remember why something was done the way it was. Someone makes a change and it breaks something on the other side of the codebase that they thought was totally unrelated, etc.

sublinear2• 1 month ago

Talking to an LLM is often still a lower quality result than asking the lead engineer themselves or the collaborators they left behind. You're making a tradeoff between time taken and result quality.

Even the most AI-positive teams prefer human discussion when things get that tough. Given enough time, things will "click" for humans. LLMs don't work that way.

Even a team of all-new unfamiliar devs forced to study an old codebase will eventually figure out what it was about and pick up tons of nuance the LLM cannot. This is the nature of writing. It exists in a time and place beyond the pure literal text. Humans live in this context and can get into the headspace of the original dev(s).

LtWorf7• 1 month ago

You guys get tickets that tell you what to do in detail?

onlyrealcuzzo• 1 month ago

I liked the article. It was a long (and entertaining) build up to the conclusion, but I'm scratching my head how the author got there.

AI needs more discipline, yes. But theoretically that discipline can be learned much easier than becoming a good engineer.

Think of it this way... 20 years ago, to write good, scalable C code - you needed to 1) either be a genius, or 2) dedicated to the craft.

You need to learn dozens of tools like the back of your hand.

* ASan

* LSan

* UBSan

* TSan

* GDB

etc... God forbid if you needed to manually read DWARF files. Unless you're a pure genius, this is not feasible to master in a short amount of time. And in parallel, you need to learn how to design systems, too, otherwise, you're still not very good, and that's an almost completely orthogonal skillset.

Now, you simply need to be aware of the hazards in your language/framework, tell your LLM to test for them, have the infrastructure set up to see if they've adequately tested for those hazards, and maybe read the actual tests and implementation.

It is pretty easy to be able to read and understand Rust compared to debugging all the sorcery-like errors that come during Rust development... It is easy to see that you need a Loom test for certain scenarios, and to write a tool to detect if you did it.

Even if you're still working in C or Zig, it far easier to know and detect when you need to use those tools then to learn to use them all individually.

It is not hard to learn to read SQL. Almost ~50% of business professionals can. Python is barely harder. Rust can look like sorcery if you don't read a 50 page guide to understand to read it, but that's a VERY small price to pay compared to spending ~10 years learning the craft painfully by trial and error.

I'm not sure how you get from "LLMs work in mysterious ways" to "So we need more discipline" to "everything is fine."

I agree that everything is fine. I just don't think this is the clear path and thought process.

Anyone who has the determination to get things to actually work, and takes a little bit of time to understand what makes them not, should be able to leverage LLMs to work wonders.

In my opinion, LLMs are going to make things far more complicated, because the cost of building something complicated is becoming almost free.

Engineering was always about discipline and getting things to work. But you needed a set of prerequisite skills to have much value. Most of those are gone now.

It is simply far easier than before. It does require discipline, yes. But discipline is cheap compared to ~10 years of trial by fire.

msteffen2• 1 month ago

I'm not sure how you get from "LLMs work in mysterious ways" to "So we need more discipline" to "everything is fine."

Are you referring to this part:

I am not worried, at least in the near term, about AI creating massive, discontinuous returns on investment in the absence of engineering discipline. (Many will try, and it will be entertaining to watch.)

She's saying, "the amazing thing about LLMs isn't that they generate lots of code fast, so don't worry about people using LLMs for that taking over the industry"

She's making two points:

1. Before infra-as-code, people would be afraid to touch parts of production due to lost knowledge about how and why it got that way. Now that we have infra-as-code, you aren't allowed to change infra the old way (ad-hoc changes via dashboard/CLI), even if doing so would be faster and easier. Experienced SREs were required to abandon lots of their old skills with CLIs and dashboards and start working in a completely new way, because the knowledge captured in a terraform repo's commit history is so valuable.

2. In the past, the way code got written was through people making changes in ways that are specific to their current knowledge, the org's current problems, the current users, etc, some or all of which is not written down. Eventually, everyone is afraid to change certain things because they don't know or remember all the considerations that went into them (not just afraid to touch parts of the code, but afraid to delete seemingly-unused features, or migrate the schema, or whatever).

Charity is saying that problem 2 is a hidden/lost-knowledge problem like problem 1, and the amazing thing about LLMs is you have to write down all the knowledge you want them to have, which may lead to a better solution to the "lost knowledge" problem in software development, which would be so valuable that experienced software engineers have to abandon lots of old skills and start using it.

(Not only writing down all the knowledge you want the LLM to have, since they're flaky enough to ignore instructions and miss implications sometimes, but building test suites and tools and so on that adequately guide their solution. This is the "more discipline" she's referring to.)

ezoe• 1 month ago

I have a doubt that one of Three Virtues of a Programmer, laziness is still considered a virtue on AI coding era.

Now that AI coding speed and performance outperformed most of human. But AI still need human to be commanded. Yes, you can let AI agent manage sub-agents but still, human is at the top of manager who order AI what should be written.

So human must command and final say on when it's done.

Is laziness still a good virtue in AI era?

hungryhobbit2• 1 month ago

I'd argue using AI is the epitome of laziness, at least in some sense.

If you buy that, then it follows that the more work you accomplish with AI, the "lazier" of a dev you are.

AnimalMuppet• 1 month ago

As defined by Larry Wall: "Laziness: The quality that makes you go to great effort to reduce overall energy expenditure. It makes you write labor-saving programs that other people will find useful and document what you wrote so you don't have to answer so many questions about it."

That is still an enormous virtue in the AI era. It is completely the opposite of what many AI-using programmers are doing, which is being lazy in the conventional sense, minimizing their individual energy expenditure at the price of increasing the overall energy expenditure.

Being big-picture lazy is a virtue. Being individually lazy is a vice.

romaniv3• 1 month ago

"It’s easy to forget, but for most of 2025, the idea that AI-generated code was slop and might always be slop was not only a reasonable position to hold, it was the default, mainstream position.

That question was answered decisively last November."

It's easy to forget that people said this exact thing about every model after GPT 3.5. This is a standard trick the industry uses to invalidate negative experience with LLMs. 'You are prompting it wrong' becomes 'you are using Gemini, but you should use Clade' which then becomes 'well, all of your criticism is now irrelevant, because everything is fixed in this new version'.

This "discussion" about capabilities is set up to be asymmetrical and basically non-falsifiable.

wbl2• 1 month ago

The old model couldn't do math, the new one solved a big open problem.

romaniv3• 1 month ago

"Open AI claims that its model disproven an Erdős conjecture, therefore my crappy way of arguing about software quality is valid."

I really don't know how I'm supposed to reply to stuff like this.

hashmap2• 1 month ago

i mean i am very much still waiting for it to not be slop, but fable actually i think made a bit of headway in this direction, the code it writes what little of it i saw, makes me want to fall over dead slightly less than other models.

ryandvm• 1 month ago

It is now significantly harder to figure out who understands the systems and is using AI effectively and who doesn't know shit and is just slinging LLM copypasta around. Before 2025, the underperformers/coasters were at least relatively identifiable by the paucity of their contributions. Now all of the sudden every single engineer is filing PRs, code reviews, technical design documents, and every other artifact under the sun with perfect formatting and at least superficial plausibility. This is mostly due to incredible pressure from the C-level for every engineer to be using as much AI as possible, but it's also just a game theory respopnse because it's in every engineer's best interest to be as prolific as possible.

We are absolutely drowning in documentation and code that seems legit and the only recourse is to lean on AI to help process the sheer quantity of it. I have a feeling that the fallout from this phase of the industry is going to be an exotic form of technical debt that is remarkable mostly in its enormity.

blensor2• 1 month ago

Maybe the solution is to look out for the most silent engineers. Those that output less despite having the ability to create near infinite output.

AStrangeMorrow• 1 month ago

Not sure how to understand that. You mean as the best engineers?

Funnily at my company, the few engineer that did the majority of the work before AI still do the majority of the work now. By majority I mean tackling both more issues and better.

However there is a general verboseness and over engineering trend across the board.

Quothling• 1 month ago

I think it depends a little on how and where you work. In the energy industry of Europe where we are extremely regulated AI has been writing some excellent and maintainable code. Of course we can't do any of that CLEAN SOLID DRY stuff, or any abstraction and implicity really, and I imagine that AI would struggle with that. Though you have to wonder if any of those religions ever really worked when you consider that they've still failed to replace most COBOL systems 30 years later. Anyway, that's a different discussion and even Uncle Bob has moved on to functional programming.

I've yet to have Opus 4.8 fail me with defensive explict code. Often it'll write code that is better than what I might have done. I imagine it would be a nightmare to go through one of the OOP debug chains with implict error handling, but when every function has a runtime assertion which is basically the contract for how it is supposed to work and exactly what to do if it encounters a corrupt state, then things are just so much easier with AI.

I do agree with you on documentation. The amount we have has exploded in the post AI world. Which is a little ironic since the assertion is frankly what you'll need to know and not the 10 pages of prose the AI autogenerated in the shared loop (microsoft's terrible confluence). It is what it is though, and at least it's easier to meet EU compliance rules now, since those are more about the bureaucracy than actual security.

tonyedgecombe4• 1 month ago

at least it's easier to meet EU compliance rules now

Until the bureaucrats start using AI to create a flood of new rules.

budsniffer952• 1 month ago

So, in other words, all the "awesome engineers" can't really tell good code from bad unless it's really obvious? Why should we listen to you about AI code being crap, then? Maybe, in the end, you don't really know. Maybe AI is better at it than you?

jasonlotito• 1 month ago

No. Your AI tool that summarized the comment did you dirty. The key here was this:

perfect formatting and at least superficial plausibility

Basically, a library full of books that have nice covers is going to take time to see that all those books are just filled with ipsum lorem. Before, they coudln't stand up a fake library.

The issue comes down to time and effort.

strix_varius4• 1 month ago

I'm sure this is gated by where you work (especially by how technically savvy your manager is), but the most effective contributors at my job tend to be the ones with near-zero (or sub-zero!) net LoC.

LLMs are prolific and they love to add shit. Truly capable engineers are able to achieve more business outcomes with less code / fewer moving parts.

4lx874• 1 month ago

The most effective contributors at your job remove more code than they add? That doesn't sound effective that sounds like digging ditches to fill them. Every line of code removed is a line that was previously added.

pydry2• 1 month ago

if you're trying to use sloc as a proxy for productivity in any way, shape or form you've already lost the game.

i tend to find that the most productive teams make better decisions and work fewer hours. the quality of decisions is such a huge force multiplier that it renders actual hours worked almost an irrelevant variable.

QuantumGood• 1 month ago

• LoC/LOC = Lines of Code

• sloc = Source Lines of Code

.. so I suppose nloc would mean Net LoC

ecshafer• 1 month ago

I really can't agree with this. Sure pure LoC is a bad metric. But there is a correlation between output and LoC. Outside of a very senior developer, maybe a Principal or Lead that is spending all day in architecture meetings and reviewing PRs, most high performers are also outputting code.

tj-teej• 1 month ago

"Truly capable engineers are able to achieve more business outcomes with less code / fewer moving parts"

I'd simplify to "Truly capable engineers are able to achieve more positive outcomes" - half of what makes a capable, dependable engineer is knowing what outcomes are needed and making them happen.

SwtCyber2• 1 month ago

Good code is absent code LLMs by nature work like autocomplete on steroids. They're always trying to write more than necessary to please the prompt. Seniority now is measured by the ability to break down a task so that the agent doesn't even think to drag in unnecessary abstractions

saltcured3• 1 month ago

This game-theory phase seems to go hand-in-hand with totally myopic grift/gig/hustle thinking too. There is no product but the confidence act needed to win each moment.

Chalk up yet another echo of the 1920s Gilded Age? Between all these economic spasms and the simultaneous tilting towards fascism, I think there is way too much historical rhyming going on right now...

j45• 1 month ago

AI usage perhaps will have to be monitored by AI.

giancarlostoro• 1 month ago

It is now significantly harder to figure out who understands the systems and is using AI effectively and who doesn't know shit and is just slinging LLM copypasta around.

It's okay, I'm sure the algorithm questions during the interview phase totally weeded out the fakers of systems knowledge right?

roncesvalles3• 1 month ago

This is mostly due to incredible pressure from the C-level for every engineer to be using as much AI as possible

I think this is an important point. Software engineers always had the right instincts on how to approach AI for coding -- cautiously. Execs got too coked up on LinkedIn puff pieces from nobodies and adver-prophesizing CEOs selling their tokens and chips that they forced something unnatural upon their orgs.

Now what we see in the software dev space is incredible levels of malicious compliance ("you want slop, I'll give you slop").

mplanchard2• 1 month ago

I don’t know. I mean, I agree with you overall, but it seems like tons of engineers, especially here on HN, have been more than willing to go all-in on AI for at least the past year, with many dire warnings of “coding is a solved problem,” “if you’re not programming swarms of agents, you’re going to be left behind,” and so on.

This has not been my experience with my fellow engineers IRL on average, but I do feel like there is a significant contingent of us who are ready and raring to yield engineering in its entirety to the LLMs.

hintymad• 1 month ago

Eh, are you using the loop engineering effectively? Remember, Boris can merge more than 200 PRs a week mostly with merely a phone and despite his busy schedule. Anthropic engineers do not write code manually any more, and they don't need to review most of the code either.

In all seriousness, though, I'm indeed curious about Anthropic's engineering practice, particular how they can achieve such level of autonomy.

youknownothing2• 1 month ago

Remember Facebook's original motto: Go fast and break things. That's where the speed is coming from.

Anthropic's speed of development is about 20% AI and 80% technical debt. We all could be faster if we stopped trying to build things right.

Once Anthropic floats, I predict a screeching halt in feature development to fix all the technical debt that they're accumulating.

thisisit• 1 month ago

There are also people who think AI is magic. I have often heard - "we want to use AI to automate processes but we don't have full documentation about the processes, we hope AI can help". Despite being told that no one can create outputs from thin air - every AI topic turns into the same discussion.

Often the solution to create those document to feed into these AI automations? Use AI. Its like ouroboros. Create docs using AI, then summarize and ingest using AI, explained by AI.

Same thing is going to happen with code. Create 1000s of line of code using AI. Then explain it using AI etc.

8note• 1 month ago

a process of

1. add tools to be able to do the job 2. work through the process using the agent interactively many times 3. have an llm read back through the session histories to create the full agent definition 4. run it and review

works fairly well, and does use llms for most of the steps

golly_ned• 1 month ago

I've even seen AI-generated roadmap documents that promise the world, are broadcasted to director+, who sign off without a thought.

Words and code are so cheap they're meaningless, while human focus, attention, and understanding are so expensive and overloaded.

protocolture• 1 month ago

I have a feeling that the fallout from this phase of the industry is going to be an exotic form of technical debt that is remarkable mostly in its enormity.

This.

I feel like it is going to become illegal for older engineers to retire until its all cleaned up. When the debt catches up its going to be civilisation level problem, like asbestos or lead.

aakresearch• 1 month ago

like asbestos or lead

Perfect framing! I was leaning towards "AI Chernobyl" analogy in my predictions, but I think "asbestos" or "fossil fuels" captures its nature much better. May I borrow it? I definitely see the harmful consequences of "AI" exceeding both, however with sad realization that it usefulness was absolutely below par with any.

contravariant• 1 month ago

You'll recognise the good engineers as the ones that remove code.

da-x• 1 month ago

I bet code removal is _not_ something that goes into LLM training sets much, unfortunately

tracerbulletx• 1 month ago

I've been thinking about the manga Blame! a lot recently, where the entire story takes place in a run away machine built mega structure that is larger than at least the solar system.

Arthurian• 1 month ago

The under-performers and coasters just don’t read their code, in my experience thus far it’s been pretty transparent. PRs aren’t a perfect gate, but they’re one of the only ones we have right now, and it’s pretty clear who’s putting in the effort and who isn’t.

beezlewax• 1 month ago

How is it clear though? It can be really hard to tell.

sph• 1 month ago

"I distinguish four types. There are clever, hardworking, stupid, and lazy officers. Usually two characteristics are combined. Some are clever and hardworking; their place is the General Staff. The next ones are stupid and lazy; they make up 90 percent of every army and are suited to routine duties. Anyone who is both clever and lazy is qualified for the highest leadership duties, because he possesses the mental clarity and strength of nerve necessary for difficult decisions. One must beware of anyone who is both stupid and hardworking; he must not be entrusted with any responsibility because he will always only cause damage."

— Kurt von Hammerstein-Equord

These days it is so easy to appear hardworking (by volume of contributions) when you have LLMs. The difference is that the inept now can literally create orders of magnitude more than the careful, experienced engineer.

xnx• 1 month ago

the fallout from this phase of the industry is going to be an exotic form of technical debt

This is a common sentiment and possibly motivated by the belief that writing "clean" code was right all along. Even odds that an AI 2 major model versions smarter will be able to eliminate that debt or rewrite from specs derived from the codebase.

sdicker• 1 month ago

Thanks, great to have the perspective of thoughtful engineers who have been in the trenches for a long time

trjordan4• 1 month ago

Those are not code problems. They are evaluation problems.
Code becomes precious when it is the only place knowledge lives.

Reading AI code all day is _agonizing_. Just, a horrible way to live, and it melts people's brains at the moment you need them to be the most capable.

Manual programming has this really productive and gratifying feedback loop, where you read the code, write the code, and fix it until it compiles/runs/does what you want. AI code not only does half that for you, but it makes the "click" at the end uninspiring because you're never sure if it's cheated a bit to get to that moment.

Trying to operate with AI-generated code as the only durable artifact of programming is a dead end for the industry. Charity points to (and correct discards) architecture diagrams/specs as an interesting space to work in. My suspicion is that it's closer to the thing that's hand-written: prompts, markdown plans, and other nudges. Focus on the thing that you, as a human, produce, and that's the basis for both the core loop of "did the AI follow my instructions" and it's higher-leverage when you go to code review.

By the time you get to the PR, you've probably typed enough to Claude that you can regenerate the code, but the current industry default is to just throw away all those sessions and ship the code. That's backwards!

mooreds• 1 month ago

Are there any products out there that are capturing the prompts/sessions? I imagine you could do it in an adhoc way, asking Claude to write up a summary of the session as part of the commit message. But is there anything else that's more structured/higher level?

trjordan4• 1 month ago

We're working on it, thought it's all early. I'd love feedback: https://tern.sh

First product compares the code to the prompts and highlights places the agent made decisions you weren't involved in: https://tern.sh/docs/tours/

latentsea2• 1 month ago

We just have hook that runs on git push that instructs Claude to ensure the PR description is up to date. Works well enough for us.

sdesol• 1 month ago

I am working on solving the AI Code Provenance problem and I believe my repos may be the first that provides AI code provenance. See the following example:

https://github.com/gitsense/gsc-cli/blob/main/internal/cli/r...

Notice how the code block header attributes the model. The UUID can be traced to the conversation so everybody can tell exactly how the code came about. For this to work though, you need to use my chat app as it ensures you can't tamper with things if you are truly serious about AI code provenance.

I also have a lot more human-focused method which is part of my CLI tool.

https://github.com/gitsense/gsc-cli

I am currently looking at making pi (https://github.com/earendil-works/pi) support AI code provenance, but for now if you want a more structured way to capture what you have done in an agent session that can be used in code reviews and be carried forward as knowledge that lives inside your repository, I have

gsc lessons

The basic idea is, after you have finished chatting/working with the agent, you would work with it to identify lessons worth carrying forward. You can store your session if you want, but really, the lessons should be something that can help you review code better and to prevent future mistakes.

I have a real working example at

https://github.com/gitsense/smart-ripgrep

This is a fork of the BurntSushi/ripgrep repository. It shows how you can use lessons to learn from past design decisions.

mplanchard2• 1 month ago

So many. The sibling comments, plus GitAI, plus empathic, plus many others

philbo• 1 month ago

If a coworker dumped a 5k-line code review on you, you'd tell them to come back when it's broken down into smaller, reviewable chunks. Large dumps of code are basically unreviewable by humans, but it seems like a lot of people have forgotten about that when it comes to LLMs.

win311fwg4• 1 month ago

It is not so much forgetting as much as it is acceptance that when welcoming AI into a codebase, the code can no longer matter; that all that matters is that the properties of the system are validated. That isn't a change that comes free, so nobody should be expecting magic, it is a different set of tradeoffs. There is no such thing as a panacea.

hootz• 1 month ago

I think they expect you to also use an LLM to review, and I bet they are doing exactly that when asked to review someone else's code.

darth_aardvark• 1 month ago

Breaking up a giant PR can be a tedious, time-consuming hassle, and in the past I could sympathize in practice if someone had a giant PR they didn't have time to decompose once they got it working.

But it's also the exact sort of thing that LLMs are literally perfect for in my experience so there's really no excuse anymore. I've never seen Claude fail to turn a 5k PR into a well-decomposed Graphite stack.

trjordan4• 1 month ago

I think it's worse than that. At least if I dumped 5k LoC on somebody in 2021, you knew I spent the time to write it, so it's "fair" to ask you to read it. But I didn't write it in 2026, so you shouldn't read it.

I think it's less about "break it down" and more about "let's communicate at the same altitude."

I wrote a (bait-titled) post about it: https://tern.sh/blog/stop-reading-prs/

cmrdporcupine• 1 month ago

If a coworker dumped a 5k-line code review on you, you'd tell them to come back when it's broken down into smaller, reviewable chunks.

I would, and all my training at Google told me to do that. But what I found after I left that comfortable box was that somehow this kind of practice is acceptable in the industry at large and you're expected to just Deal With It(tm). 5k lines isn't even high by what I've seen.

Worse the "code review" tools that people have access to in GitHub make this absolutely and totally unworkable to incrementally improve review. Messy merge commits full of "responding to code review" comments. Threads impossible to follow. Just bad tooling.

So a lot of shops, from what I've seen, are just yeeting it with very shallow reviews.

This is my observation pre agentic AI. LLMs just threw kerosene on that dumpster fire.

roncesvalles3• 1 month ago

You aren't allowed to block PRs for being too large anymore. The objective that every engineer should be 2x/3x/5x more productive can only be achieved if you go totally lax on code reviews.

Because if all your SWEs produce 5x more code, it also means they have to review 5x more code. But LLMs don't really help with code reviews. Then it becomes a Metcalfian paradox unless you just rubberstamp PRs, which is what is expected of you.

zmmmmm2• 1 month ago

Now you get not just the 5 LoC to review but a 5 page essay to read in the form an auto-generated review as well. Which makes the submitter even more indignant when you start nit picking things about how it's implemented.

keybored2• 1 month ago

Flintstone Engineering is applying Space Age synthetic intelligence (in a metaphorical sense) technology with code generation. Babysitting, version controlling, etc. generated code should be a thing of the past. But that is what GenAI is.

At the very least apply it at a higher level: specification, proofs, anything but generating Rust/Java/C and then letting yourself or an agent babysit it.

gavinh• 1 month ago

I agree that reading AI code all day is agonizing. We're relying on code review to develop parts of our mental model of the system that were previously developed through coding. We're having more difficulty comprehending and recall details of the system. This is probably unsurprising; people recall information better that they "generated" than information they read. I am applying some lessons from pedagogy to extend code review. If this resonates with you, I would like to talk.

trjordan4• 1 month ago

Would love to chat -- ping me tr at tern dot sh

arsmoriendi• 1 month ago

I also would like to know more about those pedagogy lessons you're applying.

agumonkey• 1 month ago

the act, eval, adjust loop is probably neurologically important.. reading about things you didn't dive into is really a dread

depending on your industry, you might be able to ship half-slop and then fix some bugs downstream though

deaton2• 1 month ago

It almost seems like the juice might not be worth the squeeze. If you want verifiable code that conforms well to a well-designed plan, you have to basically write pseudocode and have the AI translate it for you. At that point why use the AI to write the code at all? And then, personally, I find that I just have more fun planning, writing, and debugging myself. I think its kinda the part of programming that I fell in love with in the first place.

pydry2• 1 month ago

This is the core of the insanity nobody who vibe codes seems to be able to grasp.

It's not even that its more fun, AI can spew endless slop boilerplate but it simply can't handle boiling an application down to its component essence in a way that makes it straightforward to maintain and bug free.

vjvjvjvjghv• 1 month ago

"Reading AI code all day is _agonizing_. Just, a horrible way to live, and it melts people's brains at the moment you need them to be the most capable."

I think it's very similar to dealing with large offshore teams. Every day you get a huge pile of code to review. It's really exhausting.

I prefer dealing with AI because at least it tends to follow rules once I write them down. Not so much with a lot of offshore guys. Same mistakes every day.

I guess my company needs to hire better offshore devs....

tonyedgecombe4• 1 month ago

I do wonder what all this means for offshore development. What's the point of sending the work to another continent with different time zones and languages when your AI can do the same job directly.

bilater• 1 month ago

If you ask a surgeon if you need surgery...

In general most developers are going to find themselves fighting incentives which will color their opinion. AI isn't there yet but if you are going to abase your whole world view on a point on a graph and not on the trajectory you are in for a bad time.

socketcluster• 1 month ago

This is why I built https://saasufy.com/ - Vibe coders shouldn't trust themselves with backend security. Unfortunately, it's extremely difficult to get right. There's a lot to think about;

- Schema validation with appropriate size limits on all relevant fields.

- Authentication.

- Access control.

- Backpressure management and rate limiting in case a (possibly malicious) user tries to perform too many computationally expensive actions in a short time.

- Ensuring that the actions of one user doesn't throttle another user which is connected to the same process/host, e.g. using async constructs to avoid freezing the main process.

- DDoS mitigation.

- Avoiding race conditions.

- Designing a good database schema, with well chosen indexes, with deterministic IDs/idempotency to avoid double-insertion scenarios. You don't want to be forced to rely on overly complex queries with a lot of joins. This doesn't scale well and rarely necessary.

- Logging and error handling.

- Avoiding conflicts and accidental overwrite with old data when multiple users are editing different fields of the same resource concurrently.

- Efficient distribution of realtime messages.

- Scalability.

The list goes on and on... And every piece has to be implemented perfectly. This involves a huge number of carefully thought-out decisions.

SrslyJosh2• 1 month ago

So, using artificial intelligence requires more expertise than not using it?

keybored2• 1 month ago

A few days back I wrote a piece called “AI enthusiasts are in a race against time, AI skeptics are in a race against entropy.”

Guess who the author is.

> The enthusiasts are not wrong. We are starting to see real, non-imaginary, discontinuous leaps in capabilities from teams that lean in hard to working with AI. And this does not feel like a normal technology cycle where you can wait for the dust to settle; teams that sit this out while competitors are hustling could be out of business before the dust settles. That’s a real, existential threat.

It’s not imaginary. It’s real. This time it’s different. And on a higher level, the FOMO is real. It’s not imaginary. It’s even existential.

Why do they all write the same as well? It’s so emphatic.

The tech is cool, but as a thinking, feeling, breathing human who cares about other people, it can be hard to get excited about anything that so many people are this upset about. It’s also hard to get excited about something when so many of the loudest voices are out there talking gleefully about putting everyone permanently out of work, and so many artists and writers and people from developing nations are talking openly about the impact on them.
Hold your desire to jump in and berate me here, I beg you. Like I said, I will deal with the ethics and morality of using AI in my very next post. Be honest, your attention span is no more up for reading a 10,000-word essay than mine is up for writing one. (Can we blame AI for that too?)

More Inevitability Soothsaying. All our feelings are crashing with Existentinal Threat Reality.

K0balt• 1 month ago

This has been my position from the beginning of when agentic coding harnesses became genuinely useful.

I now do documentation driven development, and with very few exceptions I am committing code that is better written, better documented, easier to reason about and maintain, with less library overuse than I ever did as a senior lead with a smal team, and I’m doing it for 1/4 the price, at 4x the speed.

But it’s not vibe coding. Discipline is critical, as is deep systems understanding.

simonw• 1 month ago

What happened in 2025 was this: the economics of code production were turned upside down. Instead of being very hard, time-consuming, and expensive to generate code, it became effectively free and instant. Lines of code went from being treasured, reused, cared for and carefully curated, to being disposable and regenerable, practically overnight.

I've been thinking about this a whole lot recently. So much of my intuition about software development is based on 25 years of accumulated experience on how long it will take to write different bits of code.

Should I add validation for this one edge-case which won't break everything but will make a little bit of a mess if someone hits it? If that's an extra couple of hours of code I might skip it. If it's one more prompt, why wouldn't I?

This new feature would be a lot easier to understand if there was a custom API explorer for it. There's no way I could justify investing in that... unless it's just 10 minutes with Codex, and it was: https://tools.simonwillison.net/datasette-extras-explorer#ur... (linked from the release notes https://docs.datasette.io/en/latest/changelog.html#extra-sup...)

That's just on the small scale. There are entire projects that I'd never previously have considered, because I don't need a custom SQLite SELECT query parsing library enough to justify spending a week or more building one. But now... https://github.com/simonw/sqlite-ast

People get VERY upset (and condescending) any time you suggest that being able to produce lines of code faster is a valuable thing. And sure, measuring output through "lines of code" is stupid.

But measuring "lines of verified code that deliver valuable" isn't stupid at all. That's the thing we can do faster now.

eiwiwi• 1 month ago

I’m gonna say this in the most polite way that I can but who cares?

Look around you - google is valuable because it hoovers up data to generate revenue from advertising and has minimal expenditures compared with the revenues. All those bets? Lol yeah what about them?

Engineering for the sake of engineering has no value to the economy - aka it’s irrelevant. It’s the hard truth nobody wants to hear. There’s a limited set of things that can existence in the economy at any given moment in time - only those that provide value and can be sustained w.r.t economics stay the course.

skydhash4• 1 month ago

Engineering for the sake of engineering has no value to the economy - aka it’s irrelevant.

I would put that as my signature if HN supported that. I see a lot of systems being built where the whole point seems to be about the ritual, not anything valuable for the user.

zmmmmm2• 1 month ago

Engineering for the sake of engineering has no value to the economy

I think that's the adventure we're on now. If recreating something is low cost, what is the value in investing in designing it well in the first place? We can empirically discover issues and the the AI to address them.

I certainly routinely find in supervising what the LLM is writing that it's making terrible internal design choices and correct them. Usually things one level up from code. "This will cache every image on the client and cause a huge amount of bloat. Change it to pull the image in real time from the server" kind of stuff. You do slowly build that up in the project documentation - "Never store unnecessary data on the client: we assume they are using low powered devices without substantial storage". But it takes time and the road to discovering that empirically is through a lot of unhappy users.

So I think there is still a lot of room for genuine engineering - that is, at the technical design level. Levels up from that - code structure etc - are much less clear. I am guessing that over time we will heavily optimise code written by AI for maintenance by AI. Which may be mostly about matching the context window to the code module size. Factoring something to 5 modules may be less of a good idea if it means the context window has to hold all of them for the LLM to work. But that is the path of discovery we are on which history tells us is a 20 year journey.

jplusequalt• 1 month ago

People get VERY upset (and condescending) any time you suggest that being able to produce lines of code faster is a valuable thing.

I think some people care about understanding things they have to attach their names to. Many obviously don't care, but others do.

tonyedgecombe4• 1 month ago

But measuring "lines of verified code that deliver valuable" isn't stupid at all. That's the thing we can do faster now.

Except measuring the value of an individual piece of code is still very difficult if not impossible.

Elzair2• 1 month ago

I read the article, and it seems she is forgetting the aphorism "all models are wrong". This is a common mistake that people who like "realistic" "simulation" RPGs often make. Any suitably comprehensive model of a thing is just the thing itself. To have a model of a location that includes all the detail of the actual location, you would need a 1:1 scale model, which is just a copy of the location. Any plan (i.e. prompt to a model) sufficiently capable of reliably replicating 100% of the functionality of a system is likely the source code of the system itself.

Elzair2• 1 month ago

However the second part of that aphorism is "but some are useful". I have often wondered how much of IT/Programming is just sticking well understood pieces together. I remember 8 years ago wondering why we could not replace LLVM with a much simpler system that replaced all the manual optimization with a simple AI "optimizer" trained to transform simple compiled code into "optimized" code. I remember the consensus being that the AI system could likely not produce correct code reliably enough to be used. If AI cannot replace such "low level" code, then surely "high level" problems are widely out of reach. Yet people use it for "high level" problems. What gives? My hypothesis is that a lot of modern digital engineering is "plug and play".

edot• 1 month ago

George E.P. Box for anyone wondering. So true. “All models are wrong, but some are useful”. True of any abstraction unless you’re doing everything at the quantum level, but even then … are you sure you’ve captured all the details? But then … does it matter? As long as your model is sufficient to do the thing you need to do, it’s useful enough. Don’t make it any more complicated.

kazinator3• 1 month ago

Wrong!

AI demands more of your hours cranking out the same discipline, due to the volume of stuff that needs to be verified.

Normally the term "more discipline" is understood as increased rigor, not simply more work at the same level of rigor.

boomlinde3• 1 month ago

Chatbots enable unskilled developers to go in way out of their depth with little resistance. This creates problems of a new nature, not just more problems of the same nature as before.

Previously in my career, a junior making a mistake and being told why it was a mistake would learn from that and improve. The junior-chatbot duo will not. The junior will feed my comment into the chatbot, and the chatbot will superficially give the impression of having learned from the mistake and fix the code while introducing the same problem somewhere else, and the junior will have learned nothing.

This all requires that I review code as though it was created by some kind of cursed monkey's paw with an endless number of fingers that each grants a wish of the operator with a devastating caveat through idiotic interpretation.

If you give a toddler who can otherwise not operate a chainsaw -- for the simple reason that they don't have the strength to start it using the starter rope -- access to a robot who will turn on the chainsaw for them on command, you've created a problem which didn't exist before.

kazinator3• 1 month ago

I understand that unskilled people are creating problems for themselves and others; but that doesn't interest me. I interpret everything from the point of view of the AI being used by skilled people.

Such as the claim "AI demands more engineering discipline, not less" ... of skilled people, not irrelevant unskilled people.

steve_adams_86• 1 month ago

There's one thing that hasn't changed much with LLMs, and that's the notion of 'moving the needle'. People who sling slop don't meaningfully accomplish that if you're paying close attention to how your team or org or company actually needs to move. Although, if your team is focused on PRs and LOC, sure, the needle is popped off the gauge by LLMs. But your problem is not LLMs in that case.

I agree that AI demands more engineering discipline, but it also demands more domain knowledge, purpose, and intent. Suddenly we can actually accomplish most of our goals a little faster. I can take on work I couldn't before.

Before I even begin getting disciplined about engineering, I need to ask: does this work actually make sense? Should I do it? If it's done... What do I think will change for my team or organization? Will it have practical results that move us in the right direction?

The better you get at asking that question, the less you'll find yourself prompting and planning and shoving PRs into the chute. It's still somewhat difficult to find important work in many places.

Still, engineering discipline is and always has been critical when going ahead with important work.

My gut feeling is that many of us simply aren't doing important work, and the discipline might be nice but is ultimately irrelevant. The sloppers are doing a faster version of something they always have, and much of it will be lost to time just like our pre-slop work has been.

I find LLMs aren't as helpful when applied to well-thought and intentional work towards very specific goals in complex domains. They're still helpful, but, the deeper you go and the more specific you get, the more they tend to deliver results you can't use. If you're on the rails they can be incredible. Diverging from the track and having exacting requirements, eh, it gets pretty hit or miss and you can spend a lot of time herding a digital cat. This certainly demands a lot more engineering discipline.

ManuelKiessling• 1 month ago

I fully agree with the „AI demands more engineering discipline“ premise.

And I‘ve quickly realized that it’s also much easier to follow that premise.

Not only because agents obviously help with writing documentation, test cases, DX tools, and so on.

But also because it feels so much more rewarding to know that someone — even if it’s just a soulless agent — actually cares to read and use and follow these.

I have always been the guy on the team who would write the tools and documentation, and it’s always been a bit frustrating to know that only half the team would care to read and use and follow them, at best.

sandover• 1 month ago

the ur-text behind this piece is: people just not understanding exponential capability growth. including the author of the piece!

if you could look clearly at the progress from 2020 to 2023, as someone like Gwern did, and from 2023 to 2024 with the invention of reasoning modes, then it was not that hard to understand what would happen in late 2025. Opus 4.5 was not a surprise to anyone who was actually paying attention.

But people (including the author) still mistake the current state as a stable state and future gains as incremental. he says

“I am not asserting that all code will eventually be AI-generated to spec, bypassing human understanding”

I AM asserting that, and it’s incredibly easy to do so.

The question of “when” is separate.

cadamsdotcom• 1 month ago

PLEASE do not rest your killer argument for humans in software on us being the best quality gate

Rather than dismissing humans for quality control, we should take an asymptotic approach, where humans verify less and less as more verifications are automated, but are never out of the loop. Get down to 1% of the things, then 0.1%, then 0.01% and so on.

Automate all the linting you can before the agent is allowed to make a PR, make sure it passes the tests, add custom linting for dumb AI-isms you’re sick of telling the agent not to do - yes, you can lint for that fallback & backcompat code you never asked for, you just have the agent generate a script that walks the AST and flags the problem by line and file, then put that in your pre-commit checks - the agent treats it like just another lint error. Now you never have to review for that thing again.

But you still have value!

Even when you automated everything you can think of, there’s still tremendous value in human review. It’s your last chance to fully understand the implementation before it melds with the codebase. You also pick up more antipatterns to add to your automated reviewer (the automated reviewer is just a long prompt with an ever growing list of bullet points)

And the asymptotic nature of QC extends to observability and production. You cannot really ever automate a loop directly from observability to code fixes? Even when the agent presents a fix to an unhandled exception in production - if it was bad data, should you clean it in a backfill? If a key business metric dropped off a cliff because of a bug, should you add an alert once you fix the bug?

amatheus• 1 month ago

I liked the article overall but found it a little wishy-washy in some of the conclusions.

People do not want to wake up every day and log in to Slack and find the buttons and menus all subtly moved around. People do not want financial transactions that complete most of the time. Determinism is not going anywhere, my friends.

Well, I can't reconcile people not wanting things moving around and determinism with the promises of acceleration made by AI. The way I see it either AI makes "massive, discontinuous returns on investment" by way of changing things or we get a sustainable rate of change; these seem like contradicting goals to me.

therealdrag03• 1 month ago

Plus humans are non-deterministic, so AI replacing humans is not adding more determinism to the development process.

bluefirebrand2• 1 month ago

Humans make up for being non-deterministic by being disciplined

AI doesn't have anything resembling discipline

ncruces• 1 month ago

I just spent a week reviewing this ~200 LoC PR: https://github.com/ncruces/wasm2go/pull/37

It was submitted by a seasoned user, who probably asked a frontier LLM. It still felt… wrong. I didn't understand it, and I wouldn't merge it without understanding it.

I also suspected it was wrong, in a way that would cause issues in the future.

So I reviewed it 4 different ways: (1) try to understand/improve it; (2) do it with better algorithms; (3) avoid it by fixing the issue upstream; (4) rewrite it from scratch probably just to match my brain.

I expected either (2) or (3) would be the answer. (2) didn't work, rather it's the correct answer but I need to redo the project from scratch to use it; (3) I wanted really bad to work, but didn't.

So I got to a blend of (1) and (4). I'm still not entirely convinced, but now I understand the issue/solution. I obviously think my approach is better.

Still, I still stripped both of comments, and asked my LLM to review.

The LLM came back and said the original one was clearly better. I explained why not, it then answered I was correct.

If I try it with comments, LLMs say the mine is better. Because I found a real issue (one that I pointed at in the original comment thread). But is it saying mine is better because I coerced it to say so?

deaton2• 1 month ago

It demands more and yet it makes it so, so much easier to get by with less. I don't quite understand who is supposed to be the winner here.

hibikir• 1 month ago

We don't even have to go that deep: If anything accelerates our rate of code change, but doesn't lower our incidents per change, we are still stuck in a larger pile of incidents, and that's if the code quality is exactly the same as before.

Without more, better testing, hopefully more invariants stored in type systems that are easy to reason about, and more recording of the reasons why we change things, we get a more unstable system in practice. One were fewer people can work at once.

nullorempty• 1 month ago

AI demands more engineering discipline.

Well, that's a loaded statement. I'am yet to see a Claude session where Claude would tell me to hold off and make my prompts more disciplined.

So it does not demand more discipline.

It can, otoh, build better from disciplined prompts but people too, build better software from better specs.

youknownothing2• 1 month ago

"We treated code as permanent because the labor to produce it was the bottleneck."

I don't think that's true. We treated code as permanent because we considered code to be the source of truth. Computers don't run documents, computers run code. If the requirements document contradicted the code, then the default was to assume that the requirements document was wrong.

You can't separate code from spec because the code is the spec.

jay_kyburz• 1 month ago

"...never fix a running thing. Replace it.

AI pushes this premise beyond infrastructure and into application code itself. When rewriting is cheap, editing in place becomes risky. Mutation accumulates entropy. Replacement resets it."

I've always found verifying some code works correctly much harder and time consuming than writing code. Replacing big chunks code means much _more_ verification and validation.

When you see a bug, and you "fix the running thing" you only need to verify what you changed.

Sivart13• 1 month ago

This is the major part of her argument I didn't understand.

As I see it, the "infra as code" transition means going from more ad-hoc changes to less. Predictable, auditable.

Using LLMs to replace mostly-working code with a new, nondeterministically different version seems entirely different to me. You've identified a problem in the code, great, let's rewrite it from spec. Now it fixed the problem! But did it introduce more problems? Hope you used enough tokens, I guess!

QuantumNoodle2• 1 month ago

Given how many critical systems software touches these days, I am surprised that there they are not licensed. Imagine if civil engineers can just go building shit as minimum viable products? Sure prototype quickly but someone should be found liable for final product.

goldenarm• 1 month ago

relevant xkcd : https://xkcd.com/2030/

QuantumNoodle2• 1 month ago

lmao excellent reference! While this is poking fun at the block chain hype a bit, a shocking amount of (good) software engs don't know good security practices. I'd be interested to hear arguments for and against being licensed to write software for particular applications (e.g J.Doe can work on this application but any auth code has to be signed off by someone licensed). AI tools are great but screwing up an implementation (for a well thought out spec) does happen, esp. in security applications and someone needs to be liable for life-ruining data breaches.

schmuhblaster• 1 month ago

What worries me personally is the dopamine hit I seem to get from watching my ideas get built in front of me. There is a big temptation to just add feature after feature without really checking what the code actually looks like. So yes, more discipline is needed.

BerislavLopac2• 1 month ago

It's interesting how most of the comments here seem to miss the most important part of the article, which is this:

What happened in 2025 was this: the economics of code production were turned upside down. Instead of being very hard, time-consuming, and expensive to generate code, it became effectively free and instant. Lines of code went from being treasured, reused, cared for and carefully curated, to being disposable and regenerable, practically overnight.

A little but further reinforced by this:

I am just barely old enough that my first job title was “System Administrator”. [...] I lived through the shift from handcrafted server pets to immutable infrastructure cattle.

What is happening now is nothing new, we have seen it many times before: a shift in technology which is bringing changes in the ecosystem, required skills and so on. This happened with stocking frames, steam engines [1], automobiles, servers, and now the code. Just like before, many will be - and already are - harmed by this, but ultimately the world will adapt and accept the new paradigm.

[1] There's an infamous screenshot of a tweet being shared around, where someone suggests various names for writing code without AI, and someone else responds with "software engineering". Allow me to add my on contribution to this debate: codejamming.

SwtCyber2• 1 month ago

It's good to see the hype around "programmers are no longer needed" giving way to a more realistic view. Generating lines of code was never the hardest part of engineering. What's much harder is understanding exactly what we're building, how it integrates with legacy systems, and making sure it doesn't crash the database under load

jreynar• 1 month ago

Articles like this are exactly why I doubt that SWE jobs are going away. The SWE job of 2026 doesn't look like one from 2020, let alone 1990 so why would anyone believe the false dichotomy that either the SWE jobs of 2026 will remain or all be eliminated? I worked at Google a zillion years ago when the idea of reviewing all code was novel. Before that, when I worked at MS things mostly didn't get reviewed until the end of the project when the stakes were high because code got burned onto a CD and put in a box. The way SWEs spent their time changed radically from 2000 to 2004 and I think for the better since it increased shared understanding and fostered more collaboration.

If AI writes the code and humans spend more time reviewing it, that might not be a bad thing, but when the AI code is good enough, people are going to view thorough reviews as optional. Then the job of a SWE will look very, very different than before since SWEs won't write much code or spend much time reviewing it. The IDE may go the way of the dodo. And maybe the focus will move to setting up the goals and tests that keep the AI coding team on task. Maybe SWEs will spend more time architecting since they're likely to know where projects are heading and won't want AI to rewrite things as goalposts legitimately move. Maybe more will be spent exploring: build it one way and another and another and compare and generate new ideas from the different approaches.

I have no better idea than anyone else, but I'd be heavily against the role going away and in favor of it evolving, like it's done many times before, though perhaps never as rapidly as it is right now.

sltr• 1 month ago

from the post:

It was reasonable to be skeptical the first time

It's still reasonable to be skeptical. A few weeks ago a post was discussed here on HN [1] that asked:

What would have to be true for us to ‘check English into the repository’ instead of code?

to which I replied:

Code is already the cheapest path to working, correct software. LLMs do not change the calculus because figuring out what to make is the expensive part, not coding it up. Skipping code makes the specification of what to make even more expensive and throws away the tools that keep precision affordable. Programming in English would be more expensive than just using a programming language. [2]

[1] https://annievella.com/posts/finding-comfort-in-the-uncertai...

[2] https://www.slater.dev/2026/05/why-english-will-never-be-a-p...

AI demands more engineering discipline. Not less

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