Mathematicians Make a Major Discovery About Prime Numbers

https://www.wired.com/2014/12/mathematicians-make-major-discovery-prime-numbers/

by InternetGiant • 12 years ago

120 31 12 years ago

logn• 12 years ago

The original discovery this recent news pertains to: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6784383 , https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6766097

logicallee• 12 years ago

Yes, it's been a relatively prime year for number theory.

sgt101• 12 years ago

What, we wonder will 2017 bring?

raverbashing3• 12 years ago

Pun intended?

Edit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_prime

xkarga00• 12 years ago

This is very interesting. Also Primecoin seems to be helpful in the prime numbers field.

http://primecoin.io/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primecoin

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunningham_chain

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-twin_chain

raverbashing3• 12 years ago

Looks like it's a better proof of work than a meaningless hash.

I'm more sympathetic to using big amount of calculation to actually doing something useful, like calculating prime sequences.

I wonder what other kind of (useful) work could be used as payloads for virtual currencies

imaginenore• 12 years ago

Large primes are pretty useless. Everyday crypto generally uses 512-bit primes, which can be generated very easily and quickly on the fly.

czzarr• 12 years ago

It's meaningless for a reason. https://download.wpsoftware.net/bitcoin/asic-faq.pdf

Forbo• 12 years ago

Gridcoin uses the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing as a way of obtaining useful work for cryptocurrency.

http://www.gridcoin.us/

Edit: This is perfectly relevant to topic of discussion and informative. BOINC is a completely valid platform for distributed computing for many different areas of research including mathematics, medicine, molecular biology, climatology, environmental science, and astrophysics.

porter• 12 years ago

What are the implications of this?

hyperliner• 12 years ago

One implication straight from the article (I am a mere mortal, unlike you who asked the question):

The new work has no immediate applications, although understanding large prime gaps could ultimately have implications for cryptography algorithms. If there turn out to be longer prime-free stretches of numbers than even Cramér’s conjecture predicts, that could, in principle, spell trouble for cryptography algorithms that depend on finding large prime numbers, Maynard said. “If they got unlucky and started testing for primes at the beginning of a huge gap, the algorithm would take a very long time to run.”

m_eiman• 12 years ago

“If they got unlucky and started testing for primes at the beginning of a huge gap, the algorithm would take a very long time to run.”

Wouldn't it also mean that the first prime after such gaps will be selected more often, assuming a random starting point for prime searches? That might be a bigger problem than having to wait longer for the selection to finish.

kbwt• 12 years ago

The article is a repost from https://www.quantamagazine.org/20141210-prime-gap-grows-afte...

sctb• 12 years ago

Which was discussed here: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8731040

Bud• 12 years ago

So great that Tao turns out to be a protege of Paul Erdõs.

paul_f• 12 years ago

This was a bit of a let down. I didn't see anything "major" about this at all.

tempodox• 12 years ago

Consequently, what is “major” about this is the gap in your understanding.

Bahamut• 12 years ago

I took an analytic number theory course with one of the authors of one of papers, Kevin Ford, while a grad student at UIUC - he was hard on me as a student from what I remember.

Tao's comment on prime number problems are spot on - the study of prime numbers is perhaps the most raw and magical of all the areas of mathematics. Intuition usually gives very simple "guesses" (most mathematicians have superb intuition) on basic properties, but proving them often proves to be elusive, which is why it taunts mathematicians.

thomasahle• 12 years ago

Terry's own announcement of the new top result: http://terrytao.wordpress.com/2014/12/16/long-gaps-between-p... The new bound cuts one of the logloglog factors from the denominator. At least that makes the formula slightly neater :)

Nmachine• 12 years ago

Hey wired, can you not recount the entire history of whichever field the story you are covering is a part of in every article? Also, when I hit the back button I expect to go back.

sj4nz• 12 years ago

Wired is not a mathematics journal, so probably not. "Know your audience." That's perfectly fine for a "general audience" medium.

But a broken Back button? Yeah, they should fix that.

UhUhUhUh• 12 years ago

Just curious: has there been anything on patterns in primes? There are so many constraints that I even wonder how there could not be patterns in the distribution.

dzhiurgis• 12 years ago

Prime is the pattern?

justifier• 12 years ago

depends on your definition of patterns..

Eratosthenes sieve is a pattern of sorts, but one with many dependent variables that we are unsure how to make agnostic from the pattern back to its initial state.. essentially we are unable to find the nth prime number, but if we already ran the pattern up to the nth prime number, finding n+1 is possible with enough effort

mersenne primes are primes that all share the form of 2^p-1 and they appear all through out the momentum of prime numbers, but again, our problem is finding when the next one will occur and our best solutions boil down to rote testing..

one person involved in the discovery here reported has a theorem named after a colleague and himself that is more along a traditional pattern, they call it an arithmetic progression, here is one such example..

    6,171,054,912,832,631 + 366,384 · 223,092,870 · n, for n = 0 to 24

each of the 24 numbers in that sequence will be prime

i came across this momentum sometime last week:

   n**2-n+41

the first 40 values for n, 1..41, will produce primes.. after that the distribution of primes for whole values of n becomes erratic.. why? unsure and investigation quickly proved a difficult avenue of research so i let that distraction lie for another day

(i) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieve_of_Eratosthenes

(ii) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mersenne_prime

(iii) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%E2%80%93Tao_theorem

joyofdata• 12 years ago

There is Ulam's Sprial for example.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulam_spiral

euid• 12 years ago

For those who don't wish to read all the news fluff to hear about a mathematical discovery:[1]

Abstract. We show that there exists pairs of consecutive primes less than x whose difference is larger than t(1+o(1))(log x)(log log x)(log log log log x)(log log log x)⁻² for any fixed t. This answers a well-known question of Erdős.

Their "key proposition", as stated, is:[2]

Proposition 5. Fix δ > 0. Let m < Uz⁻¹(log₂ x)⁻² be even and let Iₘ ⊆ [x/2, x] be an interval of at least δ|ℝₘ| log x.

Then for x > x₀ (δ, C_U) there exists a choice of residue classes aₙ (mod n) for each prime n ∈ Iₘ such that

p ∈ ℝₘ ⇒ p ≡ aₙ (mod n) for some prime n ∈ Iₘ.

[1]: Here is the paper linked: http://arxiv.org/pdf/1408.5110v1.pdf (strangely, while the news article mentions two papers, both links go to the same one in both the original and Wired articles ...).

[2]: I changed all instances of q to n in this so that I could type most of the subscripts, but any errors are mine.

Mathematicians Make a Major Discovery About Prime Numbers

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