Level Design Patterns in 2D Games

https://www.gamasutra.com/blogs/AhmedKhalifa/20190610/344344/Level_Design_Patterns_in_2D_Games.php

by homarp • 7 years ago

401 48 7 years ago

This sort of stuff is fascinating to me. There is so much design and forethought to level making that it just blows my mind. Whenever I am on the other end, playing the game, I never notice when the stage is built in a great way. I do, however, tend to notice whenever it has flaws. Maybe reading more about the design of it all will help me be more cognizant of the patience and dedication put into level design.

mysterydip2• 7 years ago

The best level designs guide you to certain things while making you feel like you discovered or solved something completely on your own.

Sometimes indies use procedural generation as a shortcut to creating levels (or replayability) without consideration for these patterns, and instead of creating an engaging varied scenario they end up being obviously disjointed and break the flow of the player.

CraftThatBlock• 7 years ago

For puzzle games, discovering the answer is much more satisfying than finding it in my opinion.

keerthiko2• 7 years ago

Most indies pay close attention to the level design, even if leaning on procedural generation to get part of the way there. I am part of a 2-person team building an indie racing/puzzle game. I am the "tools" guy and my teammate is the "level design" guy, and I provide the building blocks and the generative machinery, and he massages them into an intentional and balanced experience.

Procedural level generation is only viable in production for games if a professional level designer can step in and tweak it.

apacheCamel2• 7 years ago

I agree, I think some of the best designs lead you along without making it obvious at all. My opinion is that some of the top tier level design has a strict path on moving forward but lets it up to the player to decide how exactly they want to move down it.

PhasmaFelis2• 7 years ago

Indeed. Good procgen can be amazing, but bad procgen feels really half-assed. Derek Yu's Spelunky pretty much single-handedly started the current procgen revolution, and he wrote a book about it. :) https://bossfightbooks.com/products/spelunky-by-derek-yu

(He also wrote extensively about it in his blog, as I recall, though I don't have a link handy.)

Xelbair2• 7 years ago

I really liked the approach the Dead Cells developers took.

They handcrafted tiles, out of which a metroidvania style levels were generated.

It consisted of a random graph generation(with constraints), and fitting the handcrafted elements to that graph.

It took the best of both worlds - a properly designed levels with tons of replayability.

moron4hire• 7 years ago

Good design is always transparent

CM303• 7 years ago

In a sense, it's pretty similar to how theme parks are designed too, with the best ones being structured in much the same as a 3D collectathon level. There's usually a key focal point in the middle of the area to act as a reference, a bunch of smaller ones off to all sides meant to draw people's attention towards smaller obstacles/attractions, and clever uses of scenery and forced perspective to give the impression of a much bigger, more detailed world than's practically possible.

stcredzero2• 7 years ago

In a sense, it's pretty similar to how theme parks are designed too

Many modern games are basically theme parks.

clever uses of scenery and forced perspective to give the impression of a much bigger, more detailed world than's practically possible

This is why I prefer more sandboxy games with more potential for emergence.

huehehue• 7 years ago

There's a Doom playthrough with John Romero where he talks about waiting until the very end to design the first level; that is, it was the last one he made.

The idea is that by the time you've finished the rest of the game, you're really good at making levels. You have a solid understanding of what makes a passage fair, balanced, engaging, and so on.

komali2• 7 years ago

The first Doom level is wild. It's really just two rooms and a hallway, unless you go into the third room... Or find the secret way outside, or the rocket launcher, or...

Watching pros play deathmatch in the first level is a trip.

jstarfish• 7 years ago

That being true, the point of creating the first level last was also showmanship-- once you've honed your skills on all the forgettable middle levels, you're able to create a top-tier intro (and finale) that everyone remembers decades later.

tobyhinloopen• 7 years ago

Nice “allow” button at the close-button for the cookie tracking popup.

papln2• 7 years ago

Related: an analysis of Super Mario Brother's Level-1 design as an invisible tutorial:

https://medium.com/@abhishekiyer_25378/the-perfect-game-tuto...

doomlaser• 7 years ago

Also related -- all of Super Mario Bros. in one image: https://i.imgur.com/g6JQ2WV.png / https://twitter.com/Doomlaser/status/1004802864433147904

Nition• 7 years ago

Check out VG Maps for maps of just about everything 2D.

https://vgmaps.com

Chazprime• 7 years ago

Great read, and here's an archive link if you've hit your limit on Medium:

http://archive.is/49wPK

taneq• 7 years ago

Also related: Sirlin's article on Donkey Kong Country 2's level design. http://www.sirlin.net/articles/the-secrets-of-donkey-kong-co...

CM303• 7 years ago

If anyone else is fascinated in this stuff, it's probably worth watching Mark Brown's Game Makers Toolkit videos on YouTube. They really go into the thinking behind the Zelda series, Metroid series, Donkey Kong Country Tropical Freeze, etc, and the latter follows really well from this sort of article:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JqHcE6B4OP4

It's also a field with a ton of material on YouTube, blogs and industry websites, so yeah, even the sources/citations in the article are only scratching the surface there. Extra Credits, Critical Gaming, Snoman Gaming, Skip the Tutorial and a fair few others are worth checking out too.

Fellshard• 7 years ago

Mark Brown is a stellar presenter, and it's especially interesting to watch the model he uses expand and mature as he progresses through the Boss Keys series. He adapts it as he encounters challenges to his existing model in newer titles.

NoodleIncident• 7 years ago

I was really surprised and excited to see this article cite one of Mark Brown's GMT videos! (In the example of using an enemy in Super Metroid to indicate a way to break through the floor)

Xelbair2• 7 years ago

are there transcripts with references(images, etc) available?

I prefer reading, so much more, than watching a video - plus it takes way less time, and lets me focus better.

frosted-flakes• 7 years ago

It's a video about a video game. Video really is the best format here.

bbot23• 7 years ago

"and a fair few others are worth checking out too."

I love this topic. Care to recommend any other channels?

Splognosticus• 7 years ago

Game Soup[1], Thomas Brush[2] and Code Bullet[3] are three I enjoy.

[1] https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCGPMrF9AN_D9BrmSmMeV3hA

[2] https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuHVjteDW9tCb8QqMrtGvwQ

[3] https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0e3QhIYukixgh5VVpKHH9Q

Lowkeyloki• 7 years ago

Since the Mario Maker sequel is just around the corner (release date is 6/28, I believe), this is a great source of good design hints and lessons for making satisfying, enjoyable levels.

zubspace2• 7 years ago

The patterns described here are: Guidance (Leading the player), Safe Zones, Foreshadowing, Layering (Combining multiple enemies and hazards), Branching, Pace Breaking.

It's a good list which can be applied side-scrollers, top-down games or even 3D games alike. The examples are great and some of those games really awaken unforgettable childhood memories. But I believe that the list could be so much longer.

Some other things which which come to my mind regarding level design: Procedural generation, Unlocking, Backtracking, Parallax effects, Mixing environments, Transforming environments, Open and Closed levels, Secrets and Cow Levels...

I'm having a great time thinking about this stuff. It's fascinating to observe those different elements while playing a game. Game mechanics are even more intricate. I think the combination of level design and game mechanics is key to creating a great game.

llbowers2• 7 years ago

Hey,you sound like you know a lot about this topic. I'm really interested in learning about it, do you have any recommendations for resources (books, youtube channels, etc.)? Thanks!

zubspace2• 7 years ago

There are many resources for game design. But I have to tell you honestly that I think it's questionable just to read about it. You can read books, podcasts and blogs about it for years, but that alone doesn't make you a game designer. Anyhow, here are some resources I enjoy: [1] [2] [3] [4]

Game Design is not a recognized science either; a lot depends on understanding what's fun and what's not. You'll get better the longer you play around.

What distinguishes a good game designer from a beginner is years of practice. To achieve that, you have to be able to try new things in a very short time. Learn a game engine, which is widespread and does a lot of work for you (create games and not a game engine). Unity or Godot for example. Start small. Games you can finish within 1-2 weeks. If you can do that, you can write dozens of small games a year. You get faster and maybe find your own style. Here's a great resources which shows you, how someone from the indie community can approach it: [5] [6]

Something I can't recommend enough are Game Jams. Take a look at Ludum Dare [7]. It really is fun to think up and implement a concept within a short time. And you learn a lot, through the process itself, through the feedback of the wonderful community and by playing other games. The next jam starts on October 4th.

[1] https://www.reddit.com/r/gamedesign/ [2] https://80.lv/articles/level-design-articles/ [3] https://keithburgun.net/podcast-2/ [4] https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0JB7TSe49lg56u6qH8y_MQ

[5] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lhb5hy4_sIM [6] https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9Z1XWw1kmnvOOFsj6Bzy2g/vid...

[7] https://ldjam.com/

MattRix• 7 years ago

I love seeing posts about level design show up here! I did a talk at GDC a few years ago about puzzle game level design: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSUu_36SmlQ

DEADBEEFC0FFEE• 7 years ago

As a someone who has been gaming since about 1980, I find this fascinating. I think it's entirely likely to see credible machine generated maps, rules, art style before long.

jaimex2• 7 years ago

It's been done well already by some games. 1991's Toejam and Earl random worlds seemed to be incredibly good at it.

twic• 7 years ago

See also this wonderful monograph on Super Metroid:

https://www.gamasutra.com/blogs/HugoBille/20120114/90903/The...

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9438811

Alsastre• 7 years ago

I really recommend [Levelhead](https://www.bscotch.net/games/levelhead) from the creators of Crashlands. It is inspired by Mario Maker but I think it has a lot of needed improvements.

albertzeyer• 7 years ago

I really enjoyed the Commander Keen series. But also Duke Nukem 1-2 (2D), Crystal Caves, Bio Menace. Or Game of Robot.

I always found that some of the platformer games of consoles, like Super Mario, Donkey Kong, had much more simplistic and kind of boring levels. You did not had to collect keys to enter doors, or do other more complicated things, but basically it was mostly dexterity.

This aspect comes a bit short in this article, I think. To me it was always kind of crucial, how much such puzzle element there was in the game, whether I liked a platformer game or not.

Level Design Patterns in 2D Games

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