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mrosett

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I'm calling BS on this one.

The claimed increase in ridership is modest (18%) off a low baseline (0 service on weekends) and occurred over a long time period (pre-pandemic to today.) They also expanded service during that period, which probably fully explains the increase in ridership. Certainly the reduction in fare ($1-->0) is nice for some people, but it's hard to imagine that it is actually decisive for a large portion of trips.

The estimates of traffic reduction and CO2 reduction just quote the city's numbers without establishing that "traffic cleared, and so did the air."

Key paragraphs:

In 2021, the city starting [sic] running more buses, streamlining routes and seriously considering waiving the $1 fares. In 2023, the City Council voted to pay for a two-year fare-free pilot with Covid-19 relief funds.

...

Ridership eventually grew to 118 percent of prepandemic levels, compared to the average nationally transit ridership-recovery levels of 85 percent.

The belief is that MH370 was depressurized which would have killed the passengers. A better example is Germanwings 9525 where the locked door allowed the first officer to crash the plane.

These are two distinct issues.

The study you linked concerns whether the hospital is owned by a nonprofit or by a private equity group.

The question in this study is whether physicians work for their own practice or for the hospital directly, regardless of the ownership of the hospital.

IPOs aren't what they once were. The burden of being a public company has increased (SOX and related public company costs are $5-10M/year), so companies are far more likely to stay private. That has created a positive feedback cycle as the private funding ecosystem has become increasingly robust, which is why you see so many $100B+ private companies.

Also keep in mind that the biggest companies during that bubble had peak market caps of ~500B and then lost ~90%, so 400-500B in losses each and total internet related losses of a couple trillion. If NVDA lost 90%, it would be down 4 trillion dollars, or twice that total just by itself.

AI company valuations collapsing would have meaningful impacts on the broader market. Big pension/mutual funds are important sources of capital across every sector, and if they're taking big losses on NVDA, GOOG, and a portfolio of privates, it will have a chilling effect on their other activity.

Checkpoint inhibitors (which are the primary driver of improved cancer treatment over the last 15 years and generate > $50B/year in sales) generally don't look very good preclinically. Even their clinical data can be hard to interpret prior to a large scale trial, which led to them almost being shelved.

The catch here is that only two targets (PD(L)-1 and CTLA-4) turned out to work well in humans. All of the other immunotherapies that looked mediocre preclinically turned out to also be mediocre or entirely ineffective in humans.

This isn’t really an issue in biotech since companies don’t have any revenue until late in their lives. Ie if I’m doing discovery work for a drug candidate today, it won’t generate revenue for 7+ years. So when if I have to amortize those costs over 5 years, that process will be complete by the time the project generates revenue.

I can’t speak to the pharma side as much, but since the 174 issue is most painful for companies with liquidity issues, I doubt it has a huge impact on them.

That’s the freedom-to-operate side. But “Patent hell” could also be the lack of clear IP that would allow a commercializer to capture a return on developing this. Not much incentive to spend tens of millions on trials if at the of the process the product can be sold by anyone.

This would only make sense if the cost-of-living indicators were actually driven by ecological impact. Instead they’re largely driven by preferences of local residents.

The prompt matters, and GPT-4 is better than ChatGPT (apologies for missing line breaks, but the point is still clear):

Prompt: A 26 year old female patient presents at the emergency room with lower right quadrant pain. What are the question you would ask her and what is the differential diagnosis?

Response: As an AI language model, I'm not a doctor, but I can suggest some questions you could ask the patient and offer possible differential diagnoses. It is important that you consult a healthcare professional for proper assessment and diagnosis.

Questions to ask the patient:

When did the pain start? Can you describe the nature of the pain (e.g., sharp, dull, cramping)? Has the pain changed in intensity or location since it began? Have you experienced any fever, nausea, or vomiting? Are you experiencing any changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation? Have you had any urinary symptoms, such as pain during urination or increased frequency? Are you currently menstruating or have you recently missed a period? Is there any possibility that you may be pregnant? Have you experienced this type of pain before? Are there any other associated symptoms, such as dizziness or shortness of breath? Do you have any significant past medical or surgical history? Are you currently taking any medications, including over-the-counter or herbal remedies? Possible differential diagnoses for lower right quadrant pain in a 26-year-old female include:

Appendicitis: Inflammation of the appendix, typically characterized by pain that starts around the belly button and migrates to the lower right abdomen. Ovarian cyst rupture or torsion: A cyst on the ovary can cause pain if it ruptures or twists. Ectopic pregnancy: A pregnancy that implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube, can cause severe abdominal pain and should be ruled out in women of childbearing age. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): Infection of the female reproductive organs, often caused by sexually transmitted infections, can lead to lower abdominal pain. Kidney stones: Pain from a kidney stone can radiate to the lower abdomen or groin. Gastroenteritis: Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, often from a viral or bacterial infection, can cause abdominal pain and cramping. Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis): Chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, and other symptoms. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): A functional gastrointestinal disorder that can cause abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits. Urinary tract infection (UTI): An infection in the urinary system can cause pain, often accompanied by increased urinary frequency or pain during urination.

Ok, apologies for a slightly irritated tone, but this touched a nerve.

Of course the author is an MD who doesn’t mention the extremely high salaries paid to physicians in this country, instead acting like they’re somehow victims of high healthcare costs rather than the primary beneficiaries:

Perhaps the demoralization of professionals, the conflicted consciences of many executives, and the anger of the public represent potential political energy that, with proper leadership, can become kinetic.

First, health care professionals in all disciplines need to become noisier about the conflict between unchecked greed and the duty to heal. Extortionate drug prices, exploitation of market consolidation, coding games, excessive executive compensation, and promulgation of unnecessary care ought not to be met with silence. Silence is assent.

The median salary for a specialist physician in the US is $346k. Orthopedic surgeons clear north of half a million on average. As a result, “physician” is the most common profession profession among the richest 1%.

Note that this didn’t happen by accident. Groups like the AMA lobby for policies that keep supply low and salaries high. The one time that legislation threatened to reduce physician salaries, Congress passed the infamous “doc fix”

Mind you, residency sucks and many doctors are wonderful, so I mostly don’t begrudge them their pay. But if you’re complaining about the cost of healthcare and mention literally every group except the one you belong to, perhaps you’re being the slightest bit disingenuous.

As for the author, he earned $889,484 back in 2009 running a nonprofit. Does that “unchecked greed” cause him to have a “conflicted conscience,” I wonder?

Sources: https://www.nshss.org/blog/you-want-to-be-a-doctor-here-is-t... https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2014/10/16/356176018/the-... Page 18 for salary: https://pp-990.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/2011_03_EO/38-3017...

Daily reminder that bank runs wouldn't be a thing if we did duration matching, forbidding banks from borrowing short and lending long.

If we really want to prevent bank runs, shouldn't we just forbid lending?

Snark aside, transforming duration is a big part of the value that banks add. In general, there's a lot of demand for lending short and borrowing long. Banks add value (and risk) by taking the opposite side of those trades. I'd rather have banks that suffer occasional runs (which really aren't that common at this point) than banks that don't transform duration