We Don't Have to Be This Bad at Improving Society

https://kasperjunge.com/blog/we-dont-have-to-be-this-bad-at-improving-society/

by juunge • 21 days ago

65 108 21 days ago

China seems to do a decent job of it. Why can't we?

graemep3• 21 days ago

Does it? There are plenty of disastrous decisions in the last 70 years at the level of major policies. There are plenty of failed projects.

The west in general used to be a lot more efficient. IMO the main cause is exactly the problem the Soviet Union used to have, and China still does: centralisation.

vidarh• 21 days ago

It's the classic issue that centralisation moves the efficiency of an organisation toward the efficiency-level of the top of the organisation, for both the good and bad. From a risk management perspective, I'd argue that's generally not worth the risk, even though it can look astounding in good periods.

aswegs82• 21 days ago

That is exactly the point, though. Centralization starts to offer real advantages because the cost of complexity has increased significantly in decentralized Western societies. Yes, centralization can be inefficient, but it also makes decision-making much easier.

Public opinion in Western societies has become far more fragmented and heterogeneous, largely because of the internet. There is much more internal disagreement and constant contestation. I think that is a strong example of a factor that significantly increases the cost of complexity.

In a way, that is why we are now trying to emulate certain aspects of centralization. The United States does a relatively good job at this, and I am not making a judgment on whether that is positive or negative. But here in the European Union, we are so decentralized that we often struggle to reach agreement on major issues.

InsideOutSanta2• 21 days ago

Centralization is an information problem. You can't make good centralized decisions if you don't have good information to base this on. China still has this problem; the data coming up the pipeline is often much more rosy than reality. But it has the problem to a much lesser degree than the USSR, because surveillance technology and data management are improving.

panick21_9• 21 days ago

China is not as hyper centralized as you think, the regions have quite a bit of power over policy as long as they deliver results. Some things are centralized, maybe to many in China. But for things like High Speed rail, such centralization is not bad. Not everything needs centralization but some kind of centralized decision making is need for grand decisions.

The US does this hilariously wrong. Like giving each state money for public metro system and then each state implements a unique incompatible solution that really only differs slightly from the alternative. In a competitive private market that fine, industry standards can emerge. But in terms of metro system that a country only builds very rarely having the system be the same between metros makes a lot of sense.

Its not like these are experimental concepts that nobody in the world knew about already.

xg152• 21 days ago

There are plenty of disastrous decisions in the last 70 years at the level of major policies. There are plenty of failed projects.

Failures are everywhere, even the OP acknowledged that. I think the more important question is what a system does with those failures and how well it can learn from them and improve. (And if course, what does "improve" even mean? What are the targets that the system optimizes for?)

So my question would be, could China learn from those failed projects and improve its policies? How many disastrous decisions were there in the last 5 years in contrast to 70 years ago?

coldtea2• 21 days ago

Does it? There are plenty of disastrous decisions in the last 70 years at the level of major policies.

"In the last 70 years" does a lot of work in your argument, as it includes a full blown revolution, counter-revolution, eras of political turmoil etc. How about the last 20-30 or so years after things stabilized there?

Also, isn't the point of the parent that it's OK to have "plenty of failed projects", as the question that starts this thread is about our inability to run political experiments. Obviously some of them will fail - that's what experiments are made to test, not guaranteed success.

cultofmetatron2• 21 days ago

There are plenty of disastrous decisions in the last 70 years at the level of major policies.

one thing I've come to respect about the Chinese is that while they make huge decisions that sometimes have disastrous consequences, they don't make the same mistakes twice.

At this point they have fed information from their environmental impacts into reforesting entire mountains and improving air quality.

They went in on Evs. not just subsidies but recognizing that you need an entire supply chain. so while americans bitch constantly about the failing power grid and how we can't switch to evs cuz it would be disastrous, the chinese built renewable energy projects and a massive DC transmission line accross the entire country. This is also a big part of why they can provide AI services for way less than america can.

psd14• 21 days ago

I think "centralisation" is accurate but imprecise. Specifically, the professional class of financiers managed to capture government under Reagan, meaning that, in practical terms, we are largely governed by Jamie Dimon and his cohorts.

More precisely, our elected governments are governed by the financial class.

I am not suggesting that capital markets should not exist or that they should behave as governments compel them to; I just want the people who operate capital markets to be accountable to the people through the proxy of law and regulation. It should be an administrative profession, like accountancy.

jmyeet• 21 days ago

What disasters, particularly relatively modern ones?

This reads as massive cope because China has lifted ~800M people out of extreme poverty [1][2] and the transformation of the ordinary lives of Chinese people is almost unbelievable. More cope here is "yeah but that's Tier 1 cities". But look at rural life in small villages. Even 20 years ago people were still drawing water from wells and didn't have indoor plumbing.

Now? High speed internet on smartphones, modern houses, indoor plumbing, reliable electricity, electric vehicles, etc.

What we have in the West is a captured system of parasitic wealth transfer from the young and poor to the old and rich where society and infrastructure is crumbling. My prediction is that the 21st century is going to show the central planning (in China) is going to produce far better outcomes for the vast majority of people.

[1] https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2022/04/01/l...

[2] https://amro-asia.org/an-exemplary-journey-in-eradicating-po...

corroclaro2• 21 days ago

I used to believe that but having seen repeatedly what happens when small decentralised groups get to decide (cf. HOAs in the US, housing cooperatives in Sweden), it's clear that there are too many nutters in society that seek power for power's sake and adding 20 levels of decentralized decision-making only means we'll have NIMBYs everywhere for anything new.

Having seen government work from the inside, what we need is clearer processes and _more_ centralisation - computers today enable the processing of amazing amounts of data in an extremely short time. Why do we need fourteen regional authorities to handle forms filed in triplicate?

robocat• 20 days ago

problem [is] centralisation

Yet every major successful company is centralised. If centralisation works for capitalist organisations, why can't it work for geographical units?

V__• 21 days ago

Because 15min cities are Soros funded projects to imprison us and the sheeple don't understandit. Renewable energy is a "gina" scam to destroy our economy. Healthcare is communism, socialism, fascism. Everything sucks but I don't want anything to change... /s

If a society makes every problem a culture war, there can't be any progress until it gets so bad it can't be ignored anymore. But I feel even that is bit too optimistic.

eimrine• 21 days ago

What is more important for you - economy or ecology?

InsideOutSanta2• 21 days ago

One of the fundamental issues is that some people so strongly tie their identity to a party that an idea can by definition not be good if the other side supports it. It's not a project to improve society, it's a game, a war, and the other side is evil and must be defeated.

jmcgough• 21 days ago

Billionaires can spend unlimited money convincing people to oppose anything that benefits them, and we have an entire industry of social media influencers who get rewarded for stoking conflict. Citizens United passed in 2010 and everything has gone dramatically downhill since then.

dofm4• 21 days ago

This would seem to me to rely on an extremely selective interpretation of "improving".

panick21_9• 21 days ago

Not really. I mean compared to 70 years ago. Its not really a question. The difference in living standard now compared to 70 years ago it gigantic.

Even to 40 years ago.

This is just objectively true for the waste, waste majority of the population.

energy1232• 21 days ago

I see no reason to believe they are. China is poorer than Taiwan per-capita despite being the same culture. They recovered a little after Deng reduced the amount of centralization, but they are still lagging behind.

coldtea2• 21 days ago

China is poorer than Taiwan per-capita despite being the same culture

What does being "the same culture" have to do with anything?

Aside the fact that Taiwan is much smaller (and different situation), Taiwan was cold-war period favored partner to the west, and started modernized industrialization way earlier (in the 80s and 90s it was a dominant industrial partner, like Japan had become earlier).

China had to do this much more recently, and brought 100s of millions out of poverty in the process. Taiwan is city-size compared to China, whereas the China comparison includes like 70x the population, a large percentage in rural areas.

"They recovered a little after Deng"

The understatement of the millenium.

https://x.com/CNLiberalism/status/1397764323553034242

leonidasrup• 21 days ago

China seems to do a decent job of it. Why can't we?

Like the One-child policy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_child_policy

Or the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_Revolution

Or the persecution of Uyghurs

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_Chin...

Or the 2021 Hong Kong electoral changes

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Hong_Kong_electoral_chang...

psd14• 21 days ago

a) survivorship bias, and b) long-termism.

Many nations have tried to plan their economy. Most perform badly and end up as footnotes in the history of the Democratic Republic of Tinpotonia. It takes a lot of skill to plan an economy.

The star performer in living memory was South Korea: best dictatorship! But it completed its succession plan and pivoted to free markets, so the example is forgotten.

Mao kicked off by outlawing sparrows, causing famine. His rule survived that, but it could have gone very differently.

Xi, and Wu before him, are probably just good at it. Even so: the demographic problem.

I would say that democracy has inherent problems: electability is a poor proxy for leadership quality; election cycles nullify the long-term view; electorates are incompetent and vacillating. I expect a committee to choose better rulers than hoi polloi, except in the dimension of accountability to the populace.

dofm4• 21 days ago

I would say that democracy has inherent problems:

It is indeed the worst possible system except for all the others.

loco5niner• 20 days ago

China does a terrible job of it.

nilirl6• 21 days ago

I've been thinking about this too: why aren't we able to run safe political experiments?

We're missing guardrails to allow safe experimentation and we're missing institutions to provide affordances.

I think the difficult bit is figuring out how to seperate the goodness of centralized decision shaping and the badness of centralized power accumulation.

panick21_9• 21 days ago

Many things don't really need 'experiments'. You can just do them. Like run good buses.

The US already does run experiments thanks to the states, and we run many simply by having many countries.

The problem is not lack of experiments the problem is lack of political will to implemented known good solutions.

swiftcoder2• 21 days ago

The problem is not lack of experiments the problem is lack of political will to implemented known good solutions.

Indeed. We have extensive and widely repeated evidence that walkable streets, cheap mass transit, free healthcare, decriminalisation of drugs, and a 4-day workweek are all strict improvements over our current societies.

And yet somehow all of those are viewed as radical reforms.

nilirl6• 21 days ago

Yes, but they're not safe experiments. And they're not experiments in the sense that we don't focus on shaping the reusable knowledge they produce.

It's not enough to try things, we also need a social system in place to allow trying to be safe and useful, even on failure.

red-iron-pine4• 20 days ago

Like run good buses.

you act like people are born with an idea of what "run good busses" means.

how many busses? what models? what schedule? what routes to where? how do you staff them? how do you handle disruptions, strikes, bad weather, fist fights, budget cuts, etc?

there may be some known good solutions there, but how do you know they apply here? Australian public transit approaches aren't necessarily gonna work in frozen Canada, and great solutions for dense cities won't translate to rural.

at some point you're gonna have to figure out what works for your locality, and that may involve trying new things

JuniperMesos5• 21 days ago

I've been thinking about this too: why aren't we able to run safe political experiments?

Often, the reason is that some constituency, possibly a small one, that strongly benefits from the existing status quo, actively works against the political experiment using the judicial system; and the rest of the electorate doesn't care enough to fight them effectively to make the experiment possible.

This is actually a problem of decentralization, not of centralization. A stronger central planner would be able to just crush a small group of concerned citizens who are independently organizing to fight a political experiment that impacts them, and do that experiment anyway. This is a good thing if you expect that the political experiment is just fucking over some innocent people for no reason; and it's a bad thing if you think that the small, dedicated group of activists are actually rent-seekers in some sense who are benefiting themselves and making everyone else in society slightly and diffusely worse off.

nilirl6• 21 days ago

That's fine if they're benefiting from the status quo, that decision making should be left to those in-context.

The political experiments should be chosen and driven by small units in order to be safely contained.

Planning shouldn't be a top-down activity, strategy should be. Meaning , the bounds for decisions and the rules of play must be centrally determined, but not the experiments themselves.

I don't completely follow the last bit of your comment. It sounds like you agree that a centralized planner doesn't have enough context to make system wide decisions. Am I right?

rawgabbit• 20 days ago

In the U.S. federal system, states often act as policy test sites. A state may try a new law. Other states may copy it. Sometimes Congress later turns a state model into federal law. Eg, unemployment insurance started as Wisconsin program.

The answer to your question I believe is that politics are no longer local. Instead politicians are punished if they don’t mimic the daily talking points from the national committee. That is politics is no longer about solving real problems but is about who swears unswerving loyalty to the party ideology.

xg152• 21 days ago

This thread from yesterday feels relevant: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48746445

FrankWilhoit2• 21 days ago

"Society" (i.e. northern European and Anglophone) doesn't want to be improved.

JuniperMesos5• 21 days ago

A more nuanced version of this argument is, different people in democratic electorates disagree wildly on what constitutes an improvement to society. A practice or institution that is an improvement to one constituency is a detriment to another constituency, and that other constituency will seek to destroy the practice the moment they have the electoral power to do so.

FrankWilhoit2• 20 days ago

All while successive technological discoveries raise the minimum standard of thought: vertiginously, incomprehensibly, unattainably. Something's got to give.

curtisblaine• 21 days ago

Normally "improvements" penalize group A to favour group B; if group A is the majority, they will outvote the "improvement" in any democratic process.

adrianmsmith• 21 days ago

The article gives examples of situations where projects have failed, and states a solution.

The [solution] is to organize the work into the smallest possible learnable chunks and continuously alternate between doing and learning.

It would be more convincing if the article gave examples of where that solution had been tried and succeeded. I mean this must have been tried somewhere, surely.

acid_fish• 21 days ago

In general we don't have a good system design thinking around politics and organizing society.

Devasta• 21 days ago

I think back to the first covid lockdowns. All of society was reorganized in a matter of weeks! Oil is worth negative money if they don't make us consume it! Work from home became mainstream, it turns out all those people with anxiety disorders or pain management issues could in fact participate in society! Generous payments were made for people who couldn't work, with no concern about who will pay for it!

The harsh reality is that all governments could solve most problems easily, they just couldn't be bothered.

JuniperMesos5• 21 days ago

A lot of people got extremely angry at the covid lockdowns; and extremely angry at the inflation caused by the transfer payments to (some) people (in ways that often had little to do with whether or not they could work); and extremely angry at the widespread fraud in applying for covid-related benefits; and extremely angry at (and increasingly distrustful of) the state/medical establishment's disease-related guidelines.

What one person thinks improves society, another person thinks makes society worse. In a democracy, they both can vote; in a non-democratic system, the one whose desires are constantly thwarted by the non-democratically-accountable governance officials might revolt.

PaulKeeble• 21 days ago

Governments do run experiments sometimes, quite a lot of experiments on UBI have been run for example and we have good knowledge on whether its introduction would improve society. But I don't feel like leadership particularly cares about evidence and the right thing, they are far more idealogical than that and tend to gravitate towards policy based evidence from thinktanks and other powerful sources that produce bad science but the results they want to see.

The populace doesn't have much in the way of alternative choices for politicians that would follow the results of actual experiments nor fund them, its not really an option being offered, I think partly because its a tough sell compared to "we will do X". "We will test a variety of options and then do the best" requires more trust and its a low trust environment.

stouset• 21 days ago

Honestly this is because an enormous segment of the population has offloaded their critical thinking skills and moral evaluation to large media conglomerates, who mostly serve the interests of those at the top who would not benefit from these things.

If a politician does want to shape policy based on research evidence for what would improve society, this captured segment of the electorate is weaponized against them.

red-iron-pine4• 20 days ago

Honestly this is because an enormous segment of the population has offloaded their critical thinking skills and moral evaluation to large media conglomerates, who mostly serve the interests of those at the top who would not benefit from these things.

Gramscian Hegemony, e.g. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_hegemony

deepsummer2• 21 days ago

I think the UBI experiments were one-sided. They may have proven that the receivers have profited. But did they show that the givers profited as well, or at least did not suffer enough to significantly reduce their economic output and therefore risk the financing of UBI?

You'd need to check something like take a group of high-earners, increase their tax rate by say 100%, increase their cost of living, and validate that they neither leave the experiment nor work significantly less.

14113• 21 days ago

The fundamental issue with this is that many problems have a time/energy/financial threshold for success. Trying to tackle such a problem with incremental iterative solutions will consistently fail, as each individual iteration will fail.

This is most obvious when network effects are present (e.g. local immunisation efforts vs country-wide immunisation), but it's surprisingly common in other government-related areas like welfare, childcare, social security etc.

Edit: Another comment has reminded me that affordable public transport is the perfect example of this: Incrementally building out a public transport system will almost always fail, as the initial lines (be they buses, light rail, etc) will typically not be successful enough to justify the cost of building the line. If, instead, a system is built out universally and simultaneously, the utility (and thus income) of each line increases due to the interconnected nature of the network.

injidup• 21 days ago

It doesn't work because politicians are not allowed to admit failure. A politician who admits that they tried something, no matter how small, and it didn't work, is fish food. This means there is no difference in downside, for the politician, between going all in on a big decision with huge risk versus taking baby steps. The politician is dead no matter what. They either keep claiming the bad decision was a good one in the hope that something turns up, or eventually resign or get voted out. But if they ever dare to publicly change their point of view in the presence of new evidence, they are accused of the worst crime a politician can commit. They are a "flip-flopper."

rickydroll• 20 days ago

s/politicians/coporate exec/ is just as true.

retired• 21 days ago

This is why I left The Netherlands. They have been working on laws for both self employment and unrealized capital gains for the past ten years and in the meanwhile have implemented some unworkable “temporary laws”.

Just implement good laws, do it right once. Yes it will hurt to not have a smooth transition but it’s better than having meetings about it for ten years.

Bratmon3• 21 days ago

It's weird that this article doesn't even attempt to grapple with the reason why governments can't run big policies as experiments and cancel them if they fail:

Every time the government hires a group of people to do X, that automatically creates a class of people who:

1. Depend on the government continuing to do X for their livelihoods

2. Are experts in X and know far more about it than any government official

This creates an automatic constituency that will fight tooth and nail to keep X going no matter what. And step one of that fighting will be to make sure that the official report answering the original research question "Did X work?" will never be a clear "No."

And God help any politician that ignores the official report and cancels X anyway. Now the problem that X was intended to solve is entirely their fault, and there's an army of X experts running to every media outlet in the country making sure the general public knows it!

nilirl6• 21 days ago

Your argument hinges on deciding what "works" means.

You're saying it "works" for some people but maybe not in a way or scale that was originally intended for it to "work".

But isn't that how all learning in a complex system takes place? Doesn't mean you need to rush to cancel something?

What's wrong in saying it doesn't do what we thought it would but it does do something useful? Maybe adjust further investment based on results obtained. Ignore sunk cost.

Bratmon3• 20 days ago

Ironically, that's exactly the argument the X experts make to keep themselves around

_DeadFred_3• 20 days ago

Please give examples of these agencies. What you list seems more like how business captures control via 'knowing more than government officials' then how technocrats do. At least that's what conservative politicians tell us as they defer all oversight/domain knowledge to private industry and private industry 'best' practices. Are you also saying that government should stop that practice and that is is also a trap of some kind? Or is it just a trap when it's for the betterment of society?

chrneu• 20 days ago

this is based more on assumption than anything else i think. this is something i hear folks yell very loudly about all the time but actual examples seem to be harder to come by.

Bratmon3• 20 days ago

The most obvious (to me) example is the San Francisco anti-homelessness program. The city government of San Francisco understood that

1. Homelessness is a massive problem, far larger here than most cities 2. For political reasons, the obvious solution of "Double the number of homes in the city to take people off the streets at the margin" is off the table.

As a result, they started giving massive contracts to a wide variety of NGOs that promised a wide variety of novel solutions to the homelessness tragedy.

As it turned out, the effect of basically all of those experiments was either nothing or counterproductive. But the NGOs ended up being so numerous that they have political power of their own, and are now at the same level as "teachers" as a major expense and powerful constituency for the city.

If you're one of those people who needs an opposite-political-valence example, a good one is the TSA. Totally worthless at stopping terrorists, but totally skilled at keeping itself funded.

panick21_9• 20 days ago

Just because an 'automatic consistency' for something exists doesn't mean they automatically get their way on everything. And for most X that group is not big enough to direct federal policy.

Yes Amtrak exist and people inside Amtrak want it to continue to exist, and yet tons of reports the government does shows issues with Amtrak. Not to mention many groups outside of Amtrak, civil society, journalists and so on.

Many government institutions have existed for 100s of years have no managed to capture government to such an extend as to make them be able to monopolize any analysis of them. And there are plenty of government programs that don't exist anymore as well.

You are only looking at 1 side of this issue. You have given 0 consideration if X was actually solved or not.

Do you remember the movie "Good Will Hunting". The Therapist says "You can never do anything because you see every possible bad thing down the road" but that also misses also the opportunity for all possible good things.

In Switzerland we have SBB, a almost universally popular government owned institution that has existed for well over 100 years and has solved a problem about as good as anybody in the world. So X was solved, and we still have very objective discussion on improving X and we get reports about issues with X and so on.

In your view it would be good if Switzerland canceled the SBB? No matter if reports indicate that its beneficial or not?

I don't see how your attitude is not just defeatism and depression.

deepsummer2• 21 days ago

The thing is, there is no hive mind called "society". Everybody works in their own interest. Always, and in every "society".

Individual workers work on failing initiatives as long as they get paid. The outcome of the initiative may be bad for "society". But was it good for the individuals working on it? Maybe they got paid well. Maybe they enjoyed the work? Maybe the work was easy because they knew that it would fail anyway, so they didn't have to put much effort into it?

Maybe it was also good for the management or politicians? Maybe it was a step up in their career. And maybe, if they could jump ship before the failure became obvious, they could climb up the ladder to get to an even better position? You can always blame your successors for ruining the project.

And maybe it was good for whoever ordered it? If it's a local project, maybe they got subsidies from federal government bodies, and they don't even care whether it succeeds, as long as it created employment and the illusion of progress? Or if it's a private project, maybe they just tried a moon shot that, if it fails, was useful as a tax write-off?

In real life, there are so many layers to a 'failed' project. It can be a failure for some and a success for others. And those for whom it is a success will defend it, maybe even deceive to keep it running.

danbruc3• 21 days ago

1. An airplane crashes, everyone dies. Clearly a bad thing. Not so quick. For the funeral industry this means additional business, a good thing. And this is true for a LOT [1] of things, they are not good or bad, right or wrong, their judgment depends on perspective and personal preferences.

2. Which means that there is generally no policy that makes everyone happy. So you need a party with a program that aims at finding compromises that are acceptable for everyone.

3. But nobody will vote for such a party. Why would you vote for a party that gives you 50 % of what you want if there is a different party that is more aligned with your views and preferences and promises to give you 90 % of what you want?

4. In consequence the political direction tends to hop between extremes instead of settling on compromises. One group gets really unhappy with the current situation, shows up for elections, votes their party into power, moves the situation into the direction of a different extreme, until others get unhappy enough to start the process all over again.

5. Even in political systems where [sometimes] a coalition of parties exercises the power and they are forced to compromise, the outcome is all but ideal. Things move slowly because finding compromises is hard if you do not really want to compromise. Voters look down on the party they voted for because they are not delivering what they promised but only compromises.

I guess the moral of the story is that the voters have to realize that their view is not the only valid one and that voting for compromises would probably yield better outcomes than voting for extremes and either going in that direction for some time until turning around or maybe arriving at a forced compromise that no one voted for.

[1] Exercise for the reader, find something politically relevant that does not depend on perspective and personal preferences.

DicIfTEx• 21 days ago

Here's a recent blog post in a similar vein: https://benthams.substack.com/p/voting-self-interestedly-is-...

Although your plane crash example falls afoul of the broken window fallacy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parable_of_the_broken_window

Plus the simple fact that, by the same logic, you can try to both-sides plain murder on the ground that the murderer wants to murder (and, again, that the undertakers and coroners and such must be kept in business). Clearly, whilst every policy will have supporters and detractors, some detractions are more worthy of consideration than others.

danbruc3• 21 days ago

The point of the example is that something that would generally be judged as obviously bad often turns out to not be bad from all perspectives. The same obviously also holds for good things. But I did not intend to imply any economics. The crash investigation might uncover an issue that gets fixed and prevents future crashes, also in this sense the crash had a positive effect. The better outcome in some overall sense would probably still have been for the airplane not to crash and the families spending the money on something better than funerals.

[...] some detractions are more worthy of consideration than others.

This is probably quite hard to justify in general.

I want zero cents of my money to be wasted on climate change, I live now and I want to enjoy my life as much as possible. I do not care if the planet gets burned to a crisp in a hundred years when I am dead.

One can certainly have a different perspective and vehemently disagree, especially if you have children that will have to live through that future, but otherwise? How would you argue that this position is somehow less valid than any other?

nilirl6• 21 days ago

I enjoyed your comment.

Over the long term, democracies have mostly avoided self-implosion, so this political see-saw does seem to work.

The question is: is there anything we can do to make it feel better to live in?

enaaem• 20 days ago

Democracies solve the succession problem. Autocracies often don't have peaceful transition of power and swing far more extreme. Sometimes even civil war.

kzrdude• 21 days ago

Are you seriously suggesting that there are different acceptable perspectives on the first point?

I think it's important to hold on to such things, that's how we get further and get agreement, to try to agree on fundamental principles. No reason to upset that balance by suggesting that a plane crash is ever preferable.

danbruc3• 20 days ago

What do you prefer, a plane crash or a nuclear war? But that does not matter, I did not say a airplane crashing is preferable over something, I said it is not a bad event for everyone. It is bad for the people on board and their friends and families but there are also people that benefit from a crash. That still does not mean that people benefiting from the event are in favor of more airplanes crashing. And for the majority of people it will essentially be neutral, half the planet might never even hear about this particular crash and for many more it will be a thirty second news segment they once saw.

FinnLobsien2• 21 days ago

I agree with the problem, and I think it stems from a few core issues:

1. Societies are heterogenous, and some groups are always benefitting from the status quo, which will then rebel against any potential changes.

For instance, in Germany (and multiple other European countries), forming a GmbH (LLC) requires in-person sessions with expensive notaries, who will read the entire paperwork out loud.

This made sense when it was invented in 1892 because company formation was extremely rare, always required large facilities and upfront purchases, etc.

Today, this requirement only benefits notaries, as I reckon extremely few people would voluntarily hire a notary to form their company.

But of course notaries would be against making their services legally required! And of course, if anyone suggests loosening requirements, they will spell out all of the terrible fraud that would happen if company formation didn't require a thorough legal review.

That's an example for something relatively obvious. It gets much harder with genuinely complex topics (pensions? tax reform? healthcare?).

2. Many initiatives to improve society fail because they're viewed through a prism of administration/policy, not the actual people impacted.

Take modern urbanism, which cleanly separates where people live (residential areas), where they work (commercial districts), where they shop (malls), and where they spend their free time (recreational centers, etc.)

This beautifully serves people who plan and administer because it makes their work massively easier vs. a tangle of apartment buildings with a coffee shop and clothing boutique on the ground floor and a playground for the kids in front.

It checks the boxes of daily life, but the people living through it feel alienated from their community with these single-purpose urban areas.

3. We have a bias towards actionism.

We tend to think that big, complicated problems need big, complicated solutions, and politicians (who are evaluated on perception, not results) need to be seen designing and implementing those big, complicated solutions.

Massive amounts of infant mortality were prevented by simply making doctors wash their hands, and Semmelweis (who came up with the hypothesis) was so ridiculed for that idea that he died in an insane asylum.

It's sadly often unacceptable to say "we're going to make a little tweak that'll have a ton of downstream effects and solve this massive problem in 5 years".

red-iron-pine4• 20 days ago

It checks the boxes of daily life, but the people living through it feel alienated from their community with these single-purpose urban areas.

these rules exist for good reason -- regs are written in blood -- and ware why your air and water are cleaner than ever: you're not right next to the places where they're leaching into the ground.

one of the original zoning rules was after a giant tank of hot molasses exploded and killed 12 people, burying a chunk of Boston in sticky-sweet tar. people were sitting at home minding their own business before being scalded and drowning in poorly stored food product. and that ain't got nothin on industrial toxins...

FinnLobsien2• 20 days ago

I think there's a big difference between putting people's houses next to the local paint factory and saying that you could have mixed-use neighborhoods where you have local businesses and recreational activities close to where you live vs. needing to go to the designated area for it.

I'm not arguing for zero zoning laws, but I'm saying that much of modernist urban planning primarily benefits the planner.

Herring• 20 days ago

Try discussing this issue with a LLM. I'm getting some pretty good responses from Gemini pro. Just as a first pass. It can help you avoid major errors.

shalmanese• 20 days ago

The purpose of a system is what it does. You're never going to have success optimizing a system towards goals that are not the goals of the system. You need to first assess what the system is optimizing towards in the first place and now to change the incentives, otherwise you're going to misdiagnose competence as incompetence.

We Don't Have to Be This Bad at Improving Society

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