Zshell

https://www.zsh.org/

by swatson741 • 2 years ago

58 35 2 years ago

dmd• 2 years ago

Needs a (1990) tag. It always amuses me when people, to this day, say "eh, not going to use that newfangled zsh, bash was good enough for my forefathers and is good enough for me" - not realizing zsh was released less than a year after bash.

alyandon• 2 years ago

I tried to give zsh a shot as a bash replacement but ultimately returned to bash.

My main pain point was that zsh was really difficult to configure out of the box and a lot of the completions were much slower (cpu/wall time) than the equivalent completion in bash.

I'm sure some of that was simply ignorance on my part.

GuB-42• 2 years ago

Bash improved a lot since the early 2000s, when I first assessed my options for shells and settled on zsh. As an interactive shell, zsh did more, and better, than any other shell I tried. Maybe it was slow, but not enough to matter at the time I used it.

I guess that bash being the default practically everywhere nowadays made it so that it got a lot of love. For example, it is common to see command line tool come with bash completion files, less so with zsh.

Also, while bash got better support where it matters, zsh mostly got bloat in the form of oh-my-zsh and the likes. You don't have to use it, but if you do, you tend to have all kinds of fancy stuff that affects performance. Also, if you want something fancy, you have fish now.

I still use zsh (without oh-my-zsh) out of habit, but if I had to start over now, I would probably stay with bash, or maybe use fish, but not zsh.

ahartmetz• 2 years ago

I have had someone sing the praises of zsh, tried it, was like "that isn't so much better than bash" and went back. Then I heard about oh-my-zsh, tried zsh with oh-my-zsh, and stayed. I still think it's not a big deal, but it is an improvement.

erhaetherth• 2 years ago

It still boggles my mind how CLIs are slow as molasses even on high end PCs. I will never understand.

para_parolu2• 2 years ago

Personally, I don’t have a reason to move from bash. Bash, zsh, fish looks very similar to me. But they do have subtle differences that require learning. And I don’t see a point.

bombcar• 2 years ago

The only reason I moved to zsh is because I'm lazy, and macOS ships with it by default.

Easier to change my other systems to zsh than fight it, but I've not really done anything different except some minor notices that it seems to autocomplete a tiny bit better (but that may be due to oh my zsh).

jijijijij• 2 years ago

I don't think zsh requires any learning as it's mostly adding to bash and is compatible, no?!

In any case, fish offers all the conveniences out-of-the-box, which makes it superior to zsh, to me. It's just a nice and ready drop-in, no configuration required. Like, I can't live without alt-H to pop open the man page for command at cursor, and alt-S to toggle sudo, anymore. Otherwise, for 95% of my use, the differences are unnoticeable, and if I need the arcane bash hacks, well, I drop into a bash shell. Tho, I do miss the <<< and still use bash for scripts. Also, I don't have fish set as default shell outside of the GUI terminal.

tmtvl4• 2 years ago

I like the path completion in zsh, being able to type '~/.c/x/x', hit tab and have it autocomplete to '~/.config/xsettingsd/xsettingsd.conf' is a lot nicer than `~/.c', tab, tab, add an 'o', tab again, 'x', tab, tab, 's', tab, tab.

cellwebb• 2 years ago

I’ve been using zsh for a while now and you just blew my mind!

tmtvl4• 2 years ago

Emacs' standard find-file function also does it, and I've since gotten so used to it that it's very irritating when I have to use a piece of software that doesn't complete like that.

redder23• 2 years ago

I also use zsh for years and did not know that. What I like this: Actually having completions shown in the screen and being able to navigate them with tabs. I think that is not a default behavior, but that is what oh-my-zsh does for you in its default setup. Does someone have more insight on that?

I did not know about this, but I use https://github.com/wting/autojump, so I am not super sad that I missed something that hold me back severely. But good to know.

tmtvl4• 2 years ago

About the completions, that may be:

  autoload -Uz compinit
  compinit
  zstyle ':completion:*' menu select

mixmastamyk• 2 years ago

Huh, fish does this too, thanks!

a_e_k• 2 years ago

I find that feature also interacts very nicely when editing parallel paths. E.g.:

    prog/libs/foo┃/src/CMakeList.txt             Start with one path
    prog/libs/some┃/src/CMakeList.txt            Edit the middle part
    prog/libs/somelongname/src/CMakeList.txt┃    Press tab, completes middle and jumps to end

I was also thrilled when I noticed zsh contextually skipping some potential completions that I'd already had on my command line. E.g., if I have files `aaa` and `aab` in a directory, then hitting tab on

    git add aaa a┃

will do the right thing and immediately complete to `aab` without further prompting. (Better yet, it also does that if I'd added `aaa` with a previous command!)

mdaniel• 2 years ago

happy 10000 day <https://xkcd.com/1053/> to you, I guess, or did its website change or something?

although TIL they use SourceForge for git. I'm sure there' s a story there: https://sourceforge.net/p/zsh/code/ci/master/tree/

kuczmama• 2 years ago

Somewhat related is "Oh My ZSH!" which is basically zsh on steroids, it's always one of the first things I install on a new computer. It gives things like new colors, themes, plugins, and more. Highly recommend you check it out.

https://ohmyz.sh/

jerpint• 2 years ago

This + ohmytmux is my go to

zemnl• 2 years ago

I used OhMyZsh! for a long time and really liked it, but now I moved to Starship [1]. However I noticed I still missed some of the "steroids" that OhMyZsh brought so I keep it installed in my system and I only source the plugins I need in the .zshrc:

  source /usr/share/oh-my-zsh/lib/completion.zsh
  source /usr/share/oh-my-zsh/lib/directories.zsh
  source /usr/share/oh-my-zsh/lib/history.zsh
  source /usr/share/oh-my-zsh/lib/spectrum.zsh
  source /usr/share/oh-my-zsh/lib/key-bindings.zsh

[1]: https://starship.rs/

HKH2• 2 years ago

Do people script in zsh?

fiddlerwoaroof• 2 years ago

I do: I find zsh is quite a bit nicer than bash for scripting and tend to write all my personal shell utilities in zsh.

FroshKiller• 2 years ago

It's the default shell in macOS, so I imagine quite a lot of people do. Like me!

aeadio2• 2 years ago

Zsh is quite a bit nicer than Bash for scripting. For one, parameter expansion doesn't word-split by default, so you don't have to haphazardly quote everything. There's also some really powerful features, like the parameter expansion flags [1] and filename generation (globbing) flags [2] that can be combined to do very flexible things. [3]

Zsh also bundles a ton of useful modules that can be used to do things pretty outside the box. Eg, there's a module for creating and controlling a hidden PTY. [4]

Zsh also has some quite nice shorthands for basic grammar, like compact loops and conditionals. Eg, you can do:

    for foo in bar*;
      do_stuff # you don't need the do..done here for single-line for-loops

Also, while Zsh diverges from POSIX sh in some areas (like word splitting), Zsh has sh- and Bash-compatible emulation modes, which can even be mixed together within single scripts (eg functions can set their emulation mode and shell options locally, or files can be sourced or commands run with different emulation modes prefixed). [5]

Lastly, Zsh has this weird reputation for being slow, because the configuration frameworks like oh-my-zsh are absolute dogs. But it's actually among the faster shells, with very respectable script performance that's squarely ahead of Bash. [6] Interactive performance can also be fantastic if you use a less hungry framework or write your own config, and Zsh has many tools to improve speed further, like support for pre-compiling source files [7] and pretty good support for async workers. [8]

Zsh has also been around about as long as Bash, and runs on every major platform and is available in just about every platform's package manager. So the cliche about Bash being available everywhere is just as true for Zsh. Zsh is honestly a much better replacement for scripting, but Bash benefits from already established traction and by being the default shell on most Linux distros.

[1] https://zsh.sourceforge.io/Doc/Release/Expansion.html#Parame...

[2] https://zsh.sourceforge.io/Doc/Release/Expansion.html#Globbi...

[3] https://thevaluable.dev/zsh-expansion-guide-example/

[4] https://zsh.sourceforge.io/Doc/Release/Zsh-Modules.html#Zsh-...

[5] https://zsh.sourceforge.io/Doc/Release/Shell-Builtin-Command... (see 'emulate' command)

[6] https://towardsdatascience.com/comparing-sh-bash-ksh-and-zsh...

[7] https://zsh.sourceforge.io/Doc/Release/Shell-Builtin-Command... (see 'zcompile' command)

[8] https://github.com/mafredri/zsh-async as an example, but also doable in bare Zsh

rnd02• 2 years ago

With bash and all of it's improvements over its' predecessors and rivals (csh), I'm not sure what need there is to throw resources at new shells such as zsh and fish etc?

[pulling my tongue out of my cheek, I honestly never have found a reason to use anything other than bash -but that's just me]

aaplok• 2 years ago

In fairness, zsh is only newer than bash by a year. Both are about 34 years old.

aeadio2• 2 years ago

Bash and Zsh are both just about as old as one another. Zsh came out less than a year after Bash.

Both derive most of their improvements from ksh, which is why they look superficially similar and many scripts are cross-compatible. Zsh arguably took the language improvements much further than Bash, ie look at [1] and [2] in https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39642678.

Bash made the understandable but very regrettable decision of being only a superset of POSIX sh, which means it carries along all the footguns, like word splitting by default.

Zsh is also eminently flexible and scriptable, with many core features (like most line editor functionality) exposed as hooks that custom scripts can extend or change.

Zsh is also notably faster than Bash.

It's one of the great disappointments of open source history that Bash largely took off as the default shell everywhere and the default shell scripting language, despite Zsh being superior in just about every way.

Zshell

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