Wine 101: The Beginners Guide to Wine

https://bartendinglicensehelp.com/wine-101/

by mmh0000 • 4 years ago

136 54 4 years ago

bartendinglicensehelp.com

wawayanda2• 4 years ago

Clever

mylons• 4 years ago

which part is clever

esses• 4 years ago

A reference to posting this after https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33156727 maybe?

stjohnswarts• 4 years ago

They're... learning

diego_moita• 4 years ago

The thing I never understand about wine and no introduction ever explains is what do people mean with those names they use to describe it's taste: "dry", "body", "mature", "grassy", etc.

BrentOzar• 4 years ago

Dry = not sweet. Not bitter - bitter is bad - but just not sweet.

Body = thickness, aka mouthfeel, aka strength of flavor and texture. (I’m simplifying here.)

Mature = complex. Simple wines that can be opened while young are usually straightforward in the same way that soda is sweet.

pwarner• 4 years ago

It can be daunting to learn the vocabulary of any domain, wine included. It's even trickier because you are learning the words to describe flavors, and perception of flavors vary.

But there are totally resources. If you want to go in deep, I suggest https://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/the-everyday-guide-t...

InCityDreams• 4 years ago

what do people mean with those names they use to describe it's taste: "dry", "body", "mature", "grassy", etc.

I always thought it was all pretentious claptrap, until a bar owner gave me a glass of 'wine from where I'm from". Wow! My description? "Dry, full-bodied, heavy", then, there where the _several aftertastes is how I'd describe it, and i later bought several bottles. As a dark-beer drinker i was knocked out by this stuff, and did (finally) understand how some descriptions can be applied. I've tried a few different wines in a few different bars since, and the vast majority have been a very easy "light, fruity....and shite".

romeoblade• 4 years ago

What was the wine he gave you? Always looking for new ones to try!

nerdponx2• 4 years ago

You might enjoy Oz and James' Big Wine Adventure, wherein James May learns exactly what you are asking about, while on a very entertaining road trip with a wine expert (about whom I will not pretend I know anything else). Look up "Oz and James" on YouTube and you'll probably find a few complete episode uploads, if not the whole series.

UncleMeat2• 4 years ago

Imagine you were asked to describe the flavors of a steak. Could you do it precisely? Would you have to use words that didn't quite fit? But because we never ask people to describe what a steak tastes like, we don't notice this. Instead we conclude that only wine is described in this circuitous way when actually this is just how we'd have to describe basically all taste experiences.

We are trying to describe a wine but we don't have words that really fit these particular senses. So we develop a jargon that is at least largely consistent across the ecosystem so when somebody describes a wine as "high minerality" you understand if you've tasted other wines also described this way. The fact that a wine isn't actually "dry" in a literal sense (it is almost entirely water, after all) doesn't matter once you've got a bit of experience matching the jargon to prior experiences.

Next time somebody tells you a wine is "high tannin" or "fruit-forward" or "thin", ask what dimension they are talking about here and try to remember it. Next time somebody says this you'll be able to predict what the wine will be like or you'll know to ask a professional for wines that match the particular things you like.

chondl• 4 years ago

I was hoping this would be about printing barcode labels under Wine: https://www.seagullscientific.com/software/

sys_64738• 4 years ago

This isn't WINE as in Wine Is Not an Emulator.

dllthomas4• 4 years ago

But it was probably posted because people were making wine jokes on the WINE thread.

klyrs• 4 years ago

The article is about Wine which Is Not an Emulator.

throwawaysleep• 4 years ago

Ironic to have a completely different Wine 101 on the homepage at the same time.

throw72• 4 years ago

The article says whites have their skins removed... Why are the skins of white grapes removed before fermentation? Are there whites that don't have the skins removed?

makrelmad• 4 years ago

Fermenting white grapes with their skins is how orange wine is made. The skins on white grapes actually impart a very different experience to the wine.

Do remember that it's a spectrum; winemakers can still have some degree of skin contact in a white wine, so it could also fall outside either of the two categories.

throw72• 4 years ago

Ah. I'd never heard of orange wines. It looks popular/originating in eastern europe. I will have to try them.

jfengel• 4 years ago

Yes, some "blanc de blancs", including some champagnes. It adds tannins, which are usually added by aging in oak instead.

I don't know why the article would say it never happens, but it's not usual.

tgamma2• 4 years ago

You can actually vinify red grapes into white wine by separating the pomace from the must early enough after pressing the grapes. The red pigments are located in the skins of the grapes, so if you do this early, they won’t tranfer into the juice. A white wine made in this fashion is called blanc de noirs („white from blacks“).

If you let must macerate without removing the pomace the red color and a lot of tannins will transfer over and you get red wine.

As you usually don’t want a lot of tannins in white wine you separate the pomace from the must as well, even if you use white grapes (but of course you could let it macerate on the skins, but then you end up with orange wine).

White wine made from white grapes without maceration on the skins is called blanc de blancs.

imglorp• 4 years ago

It bears pointing out there are skeptics around the entire concept of wine tasting: "even trained, professional palates are terrible at judging wine"[1] let alone everybody else.

My takeaway is drink whatever you enjoy and ignore the price, the label, and the snobs.

1. https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2013/jun/23/wine-ta...

dllthomas4• 4 years ago

Most of us can't afford to ignore the price!

brewdad• 4 years ago

It's less ignore the price than understand that, like most luxury goods, higher price doesn't necessarily mean better. Any wine under $10 is going to be basic, get you tipsy stuff that, hopefully, isn't offensive to your palate. There are a lot of really good wines in the $15-25 range that represent what most people should be drinking most of the time. By the time you reach $40+, you are paying for marketing or very subtle differences in quality that most drinkers won't appreciate, especially outside of a very controlled environment of temperature and food pairings.

*all prices US and may vary by your specific location and wine shop.

cycrutchfield6• 4 years ago

It bears pointing out that all such studies that have been conducted have super questionable methodologies and therefore questionable conclusions. There is a strong publication bias for surprising conclusions like “all wine experts are frauds” and essentially no bias for publishing something mundane like “people who train explicitly for blind tasting are… actually good at blind tasting”.

My suggestion is go and participate in a blind tasting with an actual expert (a MW or Master Somm), and draw your own conclusions about whether it is a parlor trick or not.

lemming4• 4 years ago

I (sort of) did this - about 10 years ago or so we ate at Dans Le Noir (https://www.danslenoir.com/en/, we went to the one in Barcelona), a restaurant which serves everything in pitch darkness. The waiters were all blind. It was a really interesting experience in many ways.

Everyone sits at communal tables, so you get to chat to everyone around you. There was a guy at our table who worked in the Spanish wine industry - I can't recall if he was a sommelier or waiter, but his knowledge of wine was clearly much better than anyone else at the table. When they served the wines with the different courses they didn't tell us anything about them. No-one at the table, including him, did better than chance at even just guessing whether the wines were red or white. It's possible they deliberately chose ambiguous wines to make it more difficult, but it was really amazing how hard it was to tell what you were eating or drinking when you couldn't see it.

I didn't draw conclusions about whether anything was a parlour trick, but it was an illuminating illustration of how much we kid ourselves if we think our senses are really communicating accurately with us.

bsder• 4 years ago

There is a difference in the phrase "judging wine" here:

1) "I can identify from the wines you have previously liked that you are likely to like this particular wine that I have personally tasted."

If you find someone good, this is generally not bullshit. They are incredibly useful. And they will probably like you very much if you just be very honest about what you like.

Sadly, only two wine buyers I have ever known who were this good.

This is like having a friend who has a house full of CDs or records that he listens to all the time. If you tell him "I like X, Y and Z" he can tell you "You will almost certainly like Q, and you should take a flyer and give V a try even though you might not like them."

2) "If you give me a food, I can pair wines with it that will complement the flavors".

Really good sommeliers can do this and it is not bullshit. This is the first category with a lot of experience tasting foods and wines together.

And, like all humans, sometimes they get it wrong.

My most fascinating conversations with sommeliers have been when I didn't like a pairing, and I made polite comments about it (for example: "I liked the pairings of the first and third courses, but the second course wine, which was fine by itself, really wasn't to my taste with the food. My wife liked the second and third pairings, but wasn't a fan of the first."). Be forewarned: if the sommelier has the time and latitude, you are likely to get interrogated if you show some interest. CAUTION: You may also wind up drinking far more wine than you expect.

3) "I can identify a Chateau Lafite Rothschild 2010 Pauillac Premier Grand Cru Classe from a glass."

This is where the giant heaping mounds of bullshit enter. Unless a wine has a very unique flavor profile that makes it stick out from wines in general, they're not going to be very distinguishable from other similar wines of similar class.

And, you know what, it doesn't matter. Your palate may not even like that very expensive bottle of wine. So be it.

At the end of it all: drink some wine you are likely to enjoy. Most of the time it will be pleasant. Sometimes it will be a miss. Now and then it will be superb. Relish the moment.

cycrutchfield6• 4 years ago

#3 is the parlor trick, and nobody seriously into blind tasting will claim that they can do this reliably.

On the other hand, they will be able to taste a wine blind and list out its objective qualities such as acidity, tannins, alcohol level, aromatic markers, etc. These will generally be quite accurate. From these one can deduce varietal, approximate age, quality level, region, etc. Naming the specific vintage or appellation is doable, but requires a lot of knowledge of vintages worldwide and a lot of guesswork. Anything beyond that is probably bullshit as you say.

denkmoon• 4 years ago

True, but it has also been shown that higher price improves perceived taste experience. It's all in your head, but isn't everything?

Jedd2• 4 years ago

Wine is the oldest alcoholic beverage ever produced.

Is that true? I thought it was mead, and a brief search suggests mead does still have a greater claim to that title.

Some references call mead 'honey wine', but to me that feels like like calling vodka 'potato whiskey'.

I accept the same yeasts can be used for wine and mead, but a) we don't know what yeasts they were using millenia ago, and anyway, b) yeasts will certainly influence the flavours, but generally don't determine the name of, the end product.

For example, some historically champagne-only yeasts are a relatively recent favourite for beer makers.

dllthomas4• 4 years ago

I've heard that there's sufficient yeasts on the skin of a typical grape that you can get fermentation without human intervention. If that's true, then for a sufficiently broad definition of "wine" and "produced" it seems to follow that wine probably predated mead.

Deliberate - and particularly large scale - production by humans is a more interesting question, of course.

Jedd2• 4 years ago

Sure, and at that point you get into the definition of beverage (is a mouldy bunch of grapes in a forest a beverage, if there's no one to drink it?).

I'd suggest that from a purely evolutionary perspective, honey bees predate grapes, and wild yeasts would certainly have turned an abandoned bee nest into an ad hoc mini-bar on more than one occasion during pre-modern history, but I feel I'm now veering way off from my challenge to that original claim.

throwaway8922382• 4 years ago

How to select good wine, the idiot's guide:

1. If you see it in your local liquor or grocery store, it's mass-produced so it's probably crap

2. If it's <$20, it's probably crap

3. If it's less than 2 years old, it's probably crap (or needs time to mature)

4. If the label looks flashy, comical, amusing, or otherwise overly graphic, it's probably crap

5. Try lots of wine. Make a spreadsheet. Narrow down what kinds of wine you like over time.

6. Pick the grape you like.

Reds: Merlot has a lot of body and alcohol. Cabernet Saugivnion is similar but more tannins. Both of them are mass-produced and often cheap and crappy, but can also be great. Zinfandel has a lot of body, is jammy with black fruit flavors. Pinot Noir is a lighter red with fewer tannins, but flavor and body can vary greatly. Syrah/Shiraz are full-bodied tannic reds. Grenache are a little sweeter and less acidic, when younger is more fruity, when older is richer-flavored. Gamay is medium-body, low-tannin, fruity. Tempranillo is medium-bodied high-alcohol. Nebbiolo is full-bodied, high-tannin, fruity/flowery & sometimes savory. Sangiovese is full-bodied, high-tannin, acidic, ages well. Pinotage is like a Pinot Noir left in a locker room. Carmenere is high-alcohol, high-tannin, spicy. Malbec is spicy & savory, and a majority of women tend to like it in my experience.

Whites: Chardonnay is middle-of-the-road, and can either be super oaky or have no oak. Sauvignon Blanc is lighter and more fragrant, high-acid; Loire Valley and Napa Valley make good examples. Riesling and Gewurztraminer make dessert wines. Pinot Grigio has medium body and acidity, can sometimes taste like slightly acidic water. Verdicchio has high acid and citric flavors, can taste cheap. Chenin Blanc can be medium-body and slightly sweet and sometimes makes up cheap wines. Viognier are floral, high-acid, high-alcohol. Albarino is medium-body with fruit flavors but can be very bitter. Torrontes makes medium-body, high-alcohol, floral wines.

7. Sign up for a wine delivery thing with whatever coupons you can. Select wines based on flavors you like. Cancel it, then take their generous offers of discounts to order again. And again. And again.

8. If a wine nerd is excited about it, it might not be crap, but you'll probably hate it

9. If you try a wine and really like it, ignore everything above, buy lots of it.

isitmadeofglass• 4 years ago

1. If you see it in your local liquor or grocery store, it's mass-produced so it's probably crap

All wine is mass produced. The only non mass produced wine you’ll ever find is hobbyists doing fermentations at home in the tens of liters, and while that’s a romantic concept those are surely all actual crap, or at best reach the level of “you know this doesn’t competely such, I can’t believe you made this yourself”

tgamma2• 4 years ago

I disagree. You can have flat, vast vineyards where a lot of the work is done using heavy machinery (grape harvesters etc.), so a lot less manual labour is necessary to produce a huge output of vine. Or, as acquaintance winemaker of mine in the region of Lavaux does it, you can have 2 or 3 hectares of very steep terroir on the side of a hill with very narrow spacing between the vines where you have no chance of using any machinery at all, except for maybe a miniature cable car on 20 cm gauge tracks to help transport the grapes down to the cellar, where they are vinified and later bottled on site.

Every step from pruning, fertilizing, harvesting to vinification and bottling is manual labour. This winemaker is doing this full time for an actual living, not as a hobby, mind you, and you very much can buy this wine from her. You won't these bottles in your supermarket of course, as it is mostly sold directly to customers who visit or via mail order. I wouldn't exactly call these wines mass produced. Still these small batch Chasselas, Pinot Gris and Pinot Noirs won't break the bank, as they are going between 15 and 22 Swiss francs (1CHF = 1USD at the moment) a bottle.

UncleMeat2• 4 years ago

Nonsense. Even wine professionals love plenty of bottles for under $20 and there is absolutely a need for uncomplicated everyday wine that doesn't break the bank. They often love Beaujolais Nouveau, which must be drunk very young. Flashy labels used to be an indication of style over substance, but as a new generation of wine makers have entered the market that is no longer the case. Loads of great wines don't just have pictures of Chateaus on them.

dagw2• 4 years ago

2. If it's <$20, it's probably crap

100% disagree. The world is full of sub $20 wines that are fantastic and can easily stand up to wines costing twice as much. Exploring the 'unpopular' corners of the wine world is wonderful way of unearthing real bargains.

4. If the label looks flashy, comical, amusing, or otherwise overly graphic, it's probably crap

While this used to be true, younger wine makers are much more playful and creative when it comes to their wine labels and lots of their top wines often have fun labels

Riesling and Gewurztraminer make dessert wines.

This is a very US-centric view of these grapes. A dry Alsace or Mosel Riesling is in no way a desert wine.

throwaway8922382• 4 years ago

The world is full of sub $20 wines that are fantastic

You don't have to be a wine snob to realize this is false. If the world's so full of fantastic cheap wine, it should be easy to find it. But try most of the bottles sub-$20 in most of the USA and they will be crap.

Moreover, if you are a winemaker and you know you have a flavor bomb on your hands, why would you only charge $15 for it when you can charge $25? These are businesspeople, not idiots or philanthropists.

dps• 4 years ago

I've been making wine at home in California for the past few years. Finding grapes on Craigslist/via friends, picking them myself and fermenting/storing/bottling wine in my basement. It's great fun, and tastes pretty good too! I wrote up a guide for anyone who'd like to try here - https://wine.singleton.io/

autoexec• 4 years ago

Needs a pronunciation guide.

Wine 101: The Beginners Guide to Wine

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