Learn Perl in about 2 hours 30 minutes

by utkarshkukreti • 15 years ago

175 105 15 years ago

unshift• 15 years ago

not mentioned in the article is that apparently Moose is a really good OO system for perl, but (in my opinion) about 10 years too late.

rednaught• 15 years ago

Too late for modern Perl or too late for something else?

rjbond3rd2• 15 years ago

Moose is a great OO system, period. I'm sorry that it's too late for you, but it's not too late for me :)

chromatic10• 15 years ago

How is it too late? Ten years ago, significant pieces of Moose did not exist anywhere.

You can make the argument that if Perl 5 had had a better OO system not borrowed from Python, Moose might not exist now. That may be true in part, but I suspect significant pieces of Moose would still have to exist.

doctoboggan• 15 years ago

Would it be beneficial to know this alongside of Python, or is it more used instead of Python?

buckwild• 15 years ago

I personally found that I didn't need Perl at all. I am a bioinformatics programmer/scientist and Perl was the first language I learned. I find that whatever I can do in Perl I can do with bash/awk/sed--and whatever I can't do with bash/awk/sed I can do in Python. I've never been happier.

lambda_cube2• 15 years ago

Whatever you can do in one Turing complete language you can also do in all other Turing complete languages. The point isn't what you can do, the point is what tasks are easier, simpler or faster to do in one language compared to another language, while also respecting how hard the language is to learn to get to the point where can can do what you want (easily).

I would prefer to use Perl over bash/awk/sed since Perl is good at the same things and more and has alot more libraries.

neuroelectronic• 15 years ago

obviously in such a small (in terms of computing in general) discipline, a general purpose language might not be the best. Now if you want to publish your results to AWS and a website and pull data from a website front-end, etc. You can probably do it quickest with ducttape.

jrockway2• 15 years ago

Perl's advantage over bash/awk/sed is that you can test, organize, and maintain code more effectively. This may not matter if you are programming to solve tiny unrelated problems, but it's a waste of effort if you are doing similar things frequently.

Python is basically Perl but with different syntax, libraries, and community.

jeberle• 15 years ago

I agree w/ you about 90% on this. However, you're painting w/ a broad brush including Awk and Sed. I imagine beyond 10 lines of Awk (gsub, anyone?) or about 1 line of Sed things get tenuous, and you would want to reach for Perl or Python. Sed & Awk are great for tiny stuff, but wear thin fast. The realm of text-only problems, about 15 to 40 lines of code is where I find Perl shines. Python is probably my favorite language, but it can be horribly clunky for these sorts of tasks.

chromatic10• 15 years ago

Perl's used more widely than Python, if you look at job trends -- but then again, you have to consider that Perl 5 was more popular earlier, so there's a lot of entrenched usage. Python may or may not have more new projects written in it; the statistics are difficult to interpret.

You can get by knowing one or the other well. Perl's advantages to me are the CPAN, the tooling culture, the testing culture, and a very pragmatic approach to getting things done without the language or ecosystem dictating how.

Python's advantages are slightly cleaner defaults in Python 3 and the fact that all code looks basically the same. (I'm not sure I see that as an advantage, but other people do.)

berntb4• 15 years ago

The scripting languages are quite similar. IMHO, it is better to learn something different instead of another one of them.

Perl has an emphasis on libraries. CPAN is the gold standard for the scripting languages. (To see what I mean -- search for signatures, Moose and Acme::Bleach on search.cpan.org. (+) )

Another good thing is the community of smart and laid back people.

I personally prefer to do Perl because it is fun.

The main disadvantage with the Perl "everything and the kitchen sink" attitude is if you are in a group without good coding standards... Perl also gets a tougher learning curve in the beginning, just from there being more to learn.

(+) Joke modules on CPAN generally start with Acme.

Edit: Huh, why down votes? Just a reflex by language trollers? :-)

lambda_cube2• 15 years ago

That depends on what you want to do. If you want to do things with text, especially transforming text, Perl is IMO opinion better at that task. Perl has been the scripting language for me, but I'm thinking of changing to Python because of NumPy, SciPy and the libraries for numerical analysis and scientific computing. Python seems to be better than Perl in that area. This is a library issue whereas when it comes to text processing it's more of a language thing.

I think Perl and Python have a lot more in common than differences when it comes to what they are good at. If you know one scripting language, you don't gain as much when you learn the next. My recommendation is to learn something different, C, Haskell, Lisp or Prolog for example. That would make you think in different ways.

Also, chromatic (a Perl developer) gives a very balanced answer in a sibling to my answer, so I won't repeat what he said.

frossie• 15 years ago

If you want to stick to perl, you might want to check out http://pdl.perl.org/ if you haven't already. You can do a fair amount of scientific computing with it.

Among other things it overloads the basic operators, so $a+$b will do the right thing, even if $a and %b are matrices/images, so it is very easy to "read" if you are a perl person already.

kamaal5• 15 years ago

Python is a beautiful language too!

Perl has its own strengths. In order to win as scripting language on the UNIX environment a language will have to get some things right very well. Two of them namely 'Processes' and 'Files(text)'. UNIX is really about these two things heavily. That is why you will see UNIX by a vanilla installation has shipped with tools like sed, grep, awk, cut, tr, cat and other text processing tools for decades. Because a file can act as a pretty good representation for data, storage and problem representation use cases. Another area that the language will have to get right is 'DBMs'.

Speaking of Perl's merits as scripting languages alone, Perl offers a native way of interacting with all these things that I mentioned in the previous paragraph. Things like ``, system(), open(), close() , die(), chomp, while<FILEHANDLE>), split(), grep, !~ , ~= and regular expressions make text processing a breeze. In addition, Higher order parsing is very easy in Perl too, Regular expressions are first class objects. For more information on this you can read Mark Jason Dominus's Higher order Perl. Which is a free book.

Now coming to Perl's merits as general purpose scripting language. You have your usual language tool kit with data structures(usual numbers, strings), arrays, hashes. Flow control, functions, OO, functional programming features. But the plus and the biggest winner is the extension system. There is a huge repository of readily solved problems on the CPAN. You have language extension modules like Moose, Try::Tiny, etc etc.

In terms of the web development ecosystem, Perl has catalyst, DBIx::Class, Plack etc etc. You also have a good asynchronous programming framework.

In terms of documentation. Check out the amazing perldoc.perl.org. There is also Learning Perl, Programming Perl and recently Chromatic's beautiful book 'Modern Perl book'.

In terms of development practice and stability. Perl has a track record and battle tested for decades now, Its used to develop mission critical applications. For best practices you can read Damian Conway's Best practices book.

Also, Checkout enlightened Perl and Task::Kensho for the best of the breed modules.

As a plus and cherry on the cake, there is a new sister programming language called Perl 6 in the making. With great concepts, cleaner defaults and more pragmatic in the real world.

Perl 6 is usable today with Rakudo. Give it a whirl.

pitchups2• 15 years ago

Wish there were similar ones for all the other languages - PHP / Python etc. I always thought that most programmers and web developers experienced in one language can quickly pick up the major features of another lanaguage, if there was a quick overview of this sort. Know of any sites that do this? Maybe this is a great opportunity for someone to put together a site like that?

benologist2• 15 years ago

Not just an overview but something where you pick the languages you know and it shows you side by side examples doing the same thing.

I know there's a site that does that (can't remember the name) but having it side by side with a great overview like this would be awesome.

chromatic10• 15 years ago

Perhaps you're thinking of PLEAC?

http://pleac.sourceforge.net/

Or perhaps Rosetta Code?

http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Main_Page

16s• 15 years ago

One thing I've always wanted to do is cross reference the data structures/containers for various languages. In Python a dictionary is what Perl calls a hash and what C++ calls a map. Three different names for the same data structure (key value based).

I don't think Perl has a set container by default, but they can be added from CPAN, Python does, it's called a set ;) as does c++ where it, too, is called a set. Again, a key value based data structure, but in this case, the key is the value.

creativityhurts• 15 years ago

But why?

wallfly3• 15 years ago

Over the past week I've read "Modern Perl", and will finish it later today:

http://onyxneon.com/books/modern_perl/

The ebook/PDF edition is free! It's a great book for learning (modern) Perl basics if you're already familiar with programming concepts and another language like JavaScript (which is where I'm coming from).

Actually, I think the knowledge and best-practices gleaned from the book will help to make me a better programmer in a general sense (not just in terms of the Perl language). It's well written, a pleasure to read and I highly recommend it.

tedkalaw• 15 years ago

Were you previously a Perl programmer at all? And are you learning it for any particular purpose?

I've always wanted to give Perl a go but can't find something I want to use it for.

elb0w• 15 years ago

Shouldnt be too hard, perl does just about anything.

Goladus• 15 years ago

Personally, I've found knowing perl useful in some of the same ways that I've found C useful. Perl is still one of the most popular systems scripting languages and perl code always seems to show up somewhere important.

If I were into serious application development I would probably try a project with Clojure before perl, but there are a lot of situations where that might not be desireable (eg you don't want to use the JVM).

jonathansizz• 15 years ago

Text processing (data munging, web programming, networking, system adminstration), of course!

wallfly3• 15 years ago

No previous Perl programming-experience. I've been consciously aware of Perl since at least 1998 and even poked at the source code of some scripts here and there, but didn't bother to really learn anything about it until recently.

A brief explanation; perhaps someone here will be inspired or is thinking along similar lines:

I've been using an "object system" for JavaScript named Joose: http://joose.it/

Joose is amazing and is, roughly speaking, a port of the Moose object system for Perl to JavaScript. (Moose is mentioned in various comments below and many times in the "Modern Perl" book.)

The principal author/maintainer of Joose v3 (Nickolay Platonov) has developed an ecosystem of tools on top of Joose3 and for Joose-oriented distributions (github.com/SamuraiJack). Much of their design is inspired by popular distributions in Perl's CPAN (Nickolay has a strong background in Perl, obviously). And some of them are still tied into Perl libraries, not simply ports to JavaScript.

As node.js and its package manager NPM have evolved rapidly in the last 12 months, some of the Joose stuff is lagging behind and in need of an overhaul, e.g. Nickolay's "JSAN plugin" for Dist::Zilla.

I've been wanting to help, but it's difficult to hack on Perl code if you don't even know the syntax. Well, that's where chromatic's book has come to the rescue! To be honest, it's been a real eye-opener and, as I suggested earlier, I think this Perl learning-experience is actually going to be a big boon for me in the near term and into the future. It's already allowing me to view Joose and related libraries through new eyes.

ratsbane• 15 years ago

I'm really surprised no one has mentioned Higher Order Perl. It's not just an excellent Perl book - it's an excellent programming book. Even if you don't plan on coding in Perl, HOP may change how you write in Python, etc. Also, the pdf download is free: http://hop.perl.plover.com/

mellery451• 15 years ago

I do wish he had mentioned the smart match operator ~~ as it nearly eliminates the confusion between EQ and ==. Of course, if you're dealing with legacy code, then you still need to understand both (or all three), but new coders might be well advised to start with smart match.

grout• 15 years ago

Smart match is undergoing revision because, frankly, it's too smart. I don't mind that he left it out, and I'm one of the core devs.

mjd2• 15 years ago

"Smart" match is a pile of shit, and anyone reading the manual description for it should conclude the same. You can't know what it does unless you can remember the details of a 23-item table.

It's undergoing major revision, and not a minute too soon.

koenigdavidmj2• 15 years ago

Is it that bad in Perl 6 too?

TheRevoltingX• 15 years ago

Perl rocks, I can testify to this: http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Vtq6sCdzyKs/TK8Fooqqt9I/AAAAAAAAAG...

I built a 2D mmorpg using Perl and Erlang. The languages a lot of people whine about when it comes to syntax. Syntax is the LAST thing I had to worry. I'm really happy that I chose those two languages.

ChuckMcM• 15 years ago

Nice concise writeup. The only important thing he missed as far as I can see is that the '..' operation can create anonymous arrays of sequences of characters too so 'a' .. 'z' gives you an array of all the letters between 'a' and 'z'.

jlarocco• 15 years ago

Not as useful as 'a'..'z', but the '..' operator works on strings, also. For example, 'aa'..'zz'.

michaelpinto2• 15 years ago

I've been working with Perl programmers for just about ten years now and the one thing I've sadly learned is that while many folks claim to know Perl, but only a small group can do it well. (although granted you can apply this reality to any other programming language)

Swannie• 15 years ago

"Write once, read never" comes to mind.

So many single/double char operators which need to be memorised with Perl, before you can start comprehending the programs.

Not to mention Perl hackers used to pride themselves on super succinct code - in certain circles it use to be popular to include one liners to do complex stuff in email signatures.

(Not complaining though, Perl was the first language I used, and probably the simplest for text file processing in CGI's back in the day.)

chromatic10• 15 years ago

So many single/double char operators which need to be memorised with Perl, before you can start comprehending the programs.

Nonsense. All you have to know is how to identify operators and how to use the documentation. The Modern Perl book covers that in a page or two.

SkyMarshal• 15 years ago

>Not to mention Perl hackers used to pride themselves on super succinct code - in certain circles it use to be popular to include one liners to do complex stuff in email signatures.

One of my favorite examples of that was back when DVD John released DeCSS, and some Perl hackers turned it into a 7-line Perl script:

http://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2001/03/42259

kamaal5• 15 years ago

How do you do that in other languages? Whatever language that you will ever use will require you to understand and to a degree memorize your usual keywords, operators and syntax elements and rules concerning interplay between them.

Regarding other stuff, building good software requires understanding a lot of things which have nothing to do with Perl. Understanding concepts like recursion, closure, OO, functional programming concepts etc etc. These have to be first understood in theory. The Perl syntax is only a notation in which you express your ideas. Besides that designing good software requires people to understand design patterns, designing maintainable software requires people to work on large project under sound practices. Writing fast and efficient software requires people to learn Algorithms and data structures. And so on...

These principles remain the same regardless of the programming language you use. Then why is it that only in case of Perl people hold the language responsible for everything. To be frank, I have seen crappy code more often in other languages than in Perl. I have seen over abuse of certain element like XML in Java, and now these days Python.

The fact is if your technology community is huge you get a lot of crappy people along with your usual set of good people. This happens for various reasons, Everybody wants to learn something that is famous as it helps for Job reasons.

Perl's strength apart from your usual language kit is CPAN, language tools to produce highly useful rapid scripts in time. Heavy data lifting, data munging. A gentle glance at things like Moose, Modern Perl, Devel::Declare and all associated software with them(Catalyst, DBIx::Class), will show you the genius of Perl community in coming up such great stuff in time.

Mithaldu2• 15 years ago

You should take a look at this: http://www.reddit.com/r/perl/comments/j1ekt/writeonly_my_ass...

pbi2• 15 years ago

Perl is easy to start with by learning something like "Hello World!". Probably just because of this reason, most people stop at early learning stage. Perl was originally created to bridge the gap between C and shell. At the end, it is a language hard to grasp, yet very powerful.

koenigdavidmj2• 15 years ago

Lots of people know Perl well, but they all know different subsets of it.

Same applies to C++ and Vim.

michaelpinto2• 15 years ago

Alright you win -- I'll rephrase to be accurate: "know Perl but are looking for a job!" Often if they were good they'd be busy -- and yes you can claim that about any programming language too unless it's unpopular...

d2• 15 years ago

Sam, you've certainly made an enemy out of every member of the Perl community with this sarcastic and incomplete post.

Once you've gotten through OReilly's beginner Perl books and "Programming Perl", if you truly want to learn how to scale Perl in the enterprise, read Damian Conway's Object Oriented Perl. Once you can write solid consistent OO Perl, read "Apache modules with Perl and C".

benatkin• 15 years ago

> Sam, you've certainly made an enemy out of every member of the Perl community with this sarcastic and incomplete post.

What does the Perl community mean to you? It must not include Sam.

Is it people who organize and participate in conferences and get indignant at the slightest negative comment?

sigzero• 15 years ago

No, we are not all like that. Fortunately. The author states:

"A bunch of new people started at work and we use a lot of Perl in our department. So I put together some information about Perl and I thought it might be worth sharing so here it is."

For that purpose, it is fine.

mjd2• 15 years ago

I'm a fairly well-known member of the Perl community, and I thought it looked okay. I'm not angry and I'm not Sam Hughes' enemy.

pbi2• 15 years ago

The intro is okay, but it did not help Perl community at all. Besides, the article itself has some poor code. For example, if one wants returning nothing, return "" is a very bad idea, since to catch it in as array would make an one-element array which is true.

bluekeybox5• 15 years ago

If you really want to learn Perl, you must install the read-eval-print loop (REPL) utility. If you have never used this utility, I will have serious grounds to doubt your Perl skills.

Unlike Ruby or Python (or most other modern high-level programming languages), Perl does not come with an interactive REPL shell, which makes no sense at all, since, due to Perl's obscure syntax, someone trying out Perl would benefit at least twice as much from a REPL shell than someone learning Ruby or Python. Fortunately, the Devel::REPL package remedies this. Installing it is super-simple:

    $ sudo /usr/bin/perl -MCPAN -e shell
    > install Devel::REPL

Once installed, simply open your terminal and run:

    $ re.pl

Once you have the REPL shell running, you can pretty much copy-and-paste into it examples from this tutorial (or any other) and watch what Perl has to say in response.

hippich• 15 years ago

simply: $ sudo cpan Devel::REPL

also you can do this: $ perl -e 'print "Hello World!\n";'

berntb4• 15 years ago

Huh, I thought "everyone" used perlbrew now?

It has been on my todo to try the REPL for a long time, but since Perl is the most powerful command line tool in bash, I've never seen a reason to use an interactive tool.

  alias p=perl
  p -e '...'
  p -ne '....'
  # etc.

Edit: With powerful I didn't mean "rm -rf", etc. :-)

krishna2• 15 years ago

You can also go into the debug shell (which is REPL) by giving it some valid statement: Here is an example:

shell> perl -de 1

This will take you into the perl debug shell (after evaluating the string "1" which is true).

bluekeybox5• 15 years ago

That works of course, but Devel::REPL is much more convenient: (1) you don't have to end your statements with backslashes -- you can paste whole blocks as is, (2) you immediately see what your statement evaluates to, for example typing "42" in Perl debugger simply begins another prompt while typing it in a true REPL returns the value that your statement evaluates to (i.e. "42") -- which is not a big deal with simple statements but gets interesting once you start evaluating regular expressions, for example, (3) Devel::REPL remembers what you typed (or at least it works the same way as your system shell), (4) it is really easy to work out complicated things in Devel::REPL -- see for example this case of currying a function:

   $ my $x = sub { my $x = shift; return sub { $x . shift } }
   $CODE1 = sub { # this is what is returned by Devel::REPL
           package Devel::REPL::Plugin::Packages::DefaultScratchpad;
           use warnings;
           use strict 'refs';
           my $x = shift @_;
           return sub {
             $x . shift(@_);
           }
           ;
         };
    
    $ $x->('hello ')->('world');
    hello world

btilly• 15 years ago

If you have never used this utility, I will have serious grounds to doubt your Perl skills.

Doubt away.

I have never used that utility. Yet I have been programming Perl since the 90s, and am one of the top 10 posters on Perlmonks. (My nick there is tilly.)

Care to re-evaluate your criteria?

bluekeybox5• 15 years ago

> I have been programming Perl since the 90s, and am one of the top 10 posters on Perlmonks... Care to re-evaluate your criteria?

Yes, for you, I can :) My post was meant only to advocate interactive learning (which I came believe to be faster than the usual code/modify/run cycle). Few things (if any) can beat 15 years of intense experience. Most people, though, whom one is likely to encounter in the real world who claim to know Perl will only have used it for a year or two, probably in combination with something else.

peteretep• 15 years ago

I'm in exactly the same boat. I've been doing Perl for 14 years, and never use a REPL. Occasionally I'll hit 'perl -e ""' on the command line, which I guess is a similar idea...

TorKlingberg• 15 years ago

> sudo /usr/bin/perl -MCPAN -e shell This reminds me of a gripe with Perl: If you are on a machine where you lack root, everything is a lot less convenient.

vhold• 15 years ago

This is true, but local::lib has come along and made things much easier:

http://search.cpan.org/~apeiron/local-lib-1.008004/lib/local...

This very handily includes instructions on how to bootstrap its own installation.

berserkpi• 15 years ago

Sure, just in case you really want to learn Perl...

ez77• 15 years ago

As an aside, the author's clarification [1] of the many terms related to the UK, Britain, etc. are very enlightening.

[1] http://qntm.org/uk

chaostheory2• 15 years ago

Question: Why don't people transition to Perl 6?

chromatic10• 15 years ago

For me, it doesn't have all the libraries I use in Perl 5 whether as libraries or core features.

baudehlo• 15 years ago

Because it's 1000 times slower and doesn't have a wealth of libraries available to it, and it isn't finished, and it's not 100% stable.

squidsoup• 15 years ago

I suspect they're frightened of the butterfly.

bluekeybox5• 15 years ago

Not enough people on the bandwagon, competition from Ruby/Python/JVM languages on the high end and Perl 5 on the low end, and last but not least the fact you can't use libraries written for Perl 5 with Perl 6.

I wrote a medium-sized project in Perl 5 two years ago. It is my day job right now to work on it. I have very little interest in rewriting it from scratch in any language, but if I did, it would probably be either Ruby or something on the JVM.

chaostheory2• 15 years ago

Good point about Ruby. I forgot that it's the good looking and smart bastard child of Perl.

derrickpetzold10• 15 years ago

Oh my why would anyone want to lean Perl anymore? Unless you are working with a legacy codebase learn Python, Ruby, Java, C#, Erlang, Scala, Haskell... in other words run the f away from Perl if you can unless you are into S&M.

chromatic10• 15 years ago

Oh my why would anyone want to lean Perl anymore?

Because it's powerful, it's easy to start, it's flexible, it's productive, it's ubiquitous, and it has an unparalleled extension ecosystem devoted to quality and ease of use.

derrickpetzold10• 15 years ago

lol so do all the languages mentioned above plus they are prettier.

kamaal5• 15 years ago

Legacy?

I hear about new Perl projects starting in large enterprises everyday!

Unless you are in the web programming domain(Somehow web developers think their's is the only software being written in the whole world) where your Python and Ruby frameworks seem to be famous. Perl is pretty big in the backend.

Perl is here to stay, and its simply too useful to be going away anytime soon.

derrickpetzold10• 15 years ago

Just because you can do something doesn't mean you should...

qusiba• 15 years ago

Studied Perl before Python years ago. Never got a chance to actually use it, whereas Python became one of my favorite languages.

bbbbbbbbb2• 15 years ago

Perl is a really great language that i came to love over the years. First, I've been writing PHP stuff then moved to Perl and experienced Java,Actionscript,Javascript,Objective-C,Python... But all of them, Perl was the most powerful and expressive language.

For those who learn Javascript, Perl object literal notation should be really easy to get and if you do some jQuery stuff, many things should come naturally to you somehow. Perl supports packages, closure, utf8 since many years whereas they are just coming to PHP (It's a real pain to go back to PHP for some projects... as it looks like a huge trash of functions in the global namespace with no cohesion at all... working with array_, mb_ or preg_* functions is such a pain... hopefully the doc helps in understanding the quirks of the language). The integration of regex as an operator is so nice. q[] or qq[] helps quite a lot and I quickly miss them... Controlling each instance of the program flow in code is very powerful too.

I guess the very minimalistic OOP system shipped with Perl did not help get Perl across the board of a wider range of company...

Obviously, this le/gend/ary image of unreadable code that one-liners, and to some extend sysadmin community, gave to the language has left a very bad taste in the mouth... and it is now very hard to get rid of.

when you look at http://mojolicio.us/ or http://perldancer.org/ for web development, Perl::Critic that analyzes your code for bad coding habits(JSLink like), perltidy that reformat your code to follow your conventions or Devel::NYTProf to profile every line of your code... I don't even talk about CPAN that has always get the job done for me in like 90% of the case...

I still have to find a language that offers such a powerful ecosystem.

And for those who wonder, Perl is very active here in Japan.

altxwally• 15 years ago

> Perl is very active here in Japan.

Considering the amount of legacy Perl scripts that I have had to rewrite since I got to Japan due to a lack of Perl developers that can mantain them, I'd think that Japan's Galapagos argument does not work so much in this case. I think that it is also losing strength around here.

bbbbbbbbb2• 15 years ago

It does not mean that Perl is not active in Japan though. Many big companies in Japan uses Perl as the language of choice for their websites but indeed,I won't say that it's not loosing some market share though.

lelele• 15 years ago

It is not what Perl you know that will hurt you, but what you don't know.

kaichanvong• 15 years ago

OH: "I dont believe it is possible."

known• 15 years ago

http://perldesignpatterns.com/?PerlDesignPatterns

vrode• 15 years ago

I hope that the first thing you learn is how to pry open a casket.

Learn Perl in about 2 hours 30 minutes

Related Stories