rdtennent

pdftk

Tarifs don't bring in revenue from the countries that they are imposed on; they are paid by importers and ultimately shoppers in the United States; that is, they are taxes.

I once had to deal with a complicated report in Word that had been "improved" by several editors using inconsistent indenting styles. It couldn't be fixed in Word by even Word experts. I extracted the plain text, added LaTeX markup and generated a perfect document.

Researchers from Amsterdam UMC and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU) have discovered that the persistent fatigue in patients with long-COVID has a biological cause, namely mitochondria in muscle cells that produce less energy than in healthy patients. The results of the study were published today in Nature Communications.

most renaissance and baroque works for plucked instruments (lutes, baroque guitars) were originally notated in tablature and such scores can certainly be found at IMSLP. If you think "guitar tabs" are a recent invention you're quite wrong.

You're speaking of the renaissance lute. The baroque lute was most often in an open D minor tuning for the top (fretted) strings: ADFADF.

Bach wrote The Well-Tempered Clavier to show off how one well temperament system (no one knows which one) sounds okay in every major and minor key. The keys closer to C sound sweeter and more euphonious, while the more distant keys sound darker and edgier.

Fairly recent research has shown that Bach may have been very explicit in specifying a temperament system. A series of what appear to be decorative swirls at the top of the title page of the WTC has been conjectured to actually be instructions for tuning to the temperament system he favoured.

You'd better wake up sooner: "Static analysis with SL has matured to the point where it has been applied industrially in the Facebook Infer program analyzer, an open source tool used at Facebook, Mozilla, Spotify, Amazon Web Services, and other companies (www.fbinfer.com)."

I heard a delightful story about a student who submitted as his own composition a chorale harmonization by Bach that he'd found in an obscure place. He was surprised to receive a failing grade from the professor. When he went to ask why, the professor simply said that it was too good and he couldn't possibly have composed it.

Fossilized, not frozen.

The title suggests that it's the bomb-hunters that are unexploded. The title should refer to unexploded-bomb hunters; that is, the unexploded refers to bombs, not hunters.

Canadians are generally very satisfied with the quality and availability of healthcare in Canada. The issue in this case is not the quality of care but the possibility that the provincial government is suppressing testing that might reveal that a naturally-produced neurotoxin has contaminated bottom-feeding crustaceans such as lobster.

No matter what topology is used, the basic issue is the same: if any of the p2p links introduces unacceptable latency (such as the inter-ISP link I described), the whole system is borked. The clients are generally not movable (or would need to switch to another ISP) but a Jamulus server anywhere can be used or set up and may provide acceptable latency for all.

The magical belief that p2p is always superior to server-client for this kind of application has to be refuted. I live in Kingston Ontario, a medium-sized city between Montreal and Toronto. There are essentially two high-speed ISPs: Bell, using fiber, and Cogeco, using cable. Latency between peers on the same network is usable, but packets from one network to the other, even a few blocks apart, are routed via, for example, Toronto to Chicago to New York to Montreal and finally back to Kingston. It's not the distance travelled that was problematical; it's the latency introduced at each intermediate node. By setting up a server at AWS in Montreal, the latency for peers on both networks became usable.

Also, p2p requires O(n^2) links whereas client-server has O(n) links, so if the number of peers increases, the total travel time difference will be more significant.

Jamulus software is not only free (gratis and libre) but its use is completely anonymous: you may have to open a port but you don't have to open your inbox to spam or register in any way. And users don't need to authenticate to use a server, either "public" (i.e., advertised automatically in connection windows) or private (i.e., using an IP address known only to musical peers). There's no encryption but if you use a private server there's virtually no possibility of anyone other than designated peers to listen in.

"No dedicated hardware"; but for best results you'll need a wired ethernet connection, wired headphones, a good microphone and an audio interface, and on Windows an ASIO driver.

"For the lowest possible latency, FarPlay establishes peer-to-peer connections between users": Except when the peers are on different ISP networks and the packets are forced to travel to some distant node, introducing latency at every node along the way. In my experience with this issue using Jamulus, having a server in the cloud at a suitable location reduces latency. Minimizing "the distance travelled" isn't important if there are few nodes introducing latency. The speed of light along wires is orders of magnitude faster than the speed of sound through air.

"the faster your connection, the better your results will be"; Misleading; it's latency not bandwidth that's critical and a "fast" connection normally refers to bandwidth.

Anyone interested in audio over the internet should check out Jamulus at https://jamulus.io/

The Samsung Galaxy A40 is 144.4 x 69.2 x 7.9 mm and has a 5.9" display, a 3100 mah battery and an earphone jack.

Well if any of the O(N^2) connections has unacceptable latency, you'd understand why a server is sensible. Reducing computation won't improve latency in the connections. One has no flexibility with clients but a server can be located wherever good connections are available.

P2P is the way forward here IMHO.

But if any of the O(N^2) P2P links has unacceptable latency, eliminating the server would be counter-productive because the client-to-server connection may have less latency if the server is located appropriately.

"need to find a server midway between all the users" Nonsense. Did you read my post? The server is in Montreal; all the clients are 200 miles west of Montreal in Kingston. Physical distance isn't important. What is important is ping time. When one tries to connect in Jamulus, dozens of public servers are suggested with their ping times listed. If none are suitable or one wants a private server, one can set up a server anywhere that provides good ping times to all the intended clients. In the multiple-ISP scenario I had to deal with, a server "midway between all the users" would have been useless, as would any kind of server-less topology.

"The only clear benefit to it..."? As I suggested, a significant benefit of the Jamulus model is that any of the clients can be "thin"; most of the computation is done on the server. You may be able to improve on this but disparaging it with silly criticisms isn't going to help you; there are thousands maybe millions of satisfied Jamulus users around the world.

"requires a central server" is misleading. You can set up a server wherever; there's no central server. Except for the multiple-ISP issue I discussed, there's no reason access to a server is more latency than access between the "clients". The advantage of the server/client model is that the clients can be very lightweight: I personally use a Raspberry Pi 3 with an ultra-low latency DAC/ADC hat. Works fine. All the real computation is done on the server.

traceroute

My experience with Jamulus might be instructive. Members of our group live in the same city (Kingston, Ontario) but use two ISPs. Packets between users on the same ISP were fine but packets from one ISP to the other were being routed via Toronto and then Chicago and ultimately back to Kingston. It's not the distance travelled that's the problem (speed of light), it's the latency introduced by each intermediate node.

Solved the problem by setting up a Jamulus server on AWS in Montreal. Both ISPs provide low-latency connections to Montreal, much better than one mile across town!

Of course each participant has to use ethernet rather than WiFi and has to use a low-latency audio device, not a laptop sound card.

My textbook

https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/specifying-software/FC5...

has a tutorial introduction to recursive descent.