Rust 1.1 Stable, the Community Subteam, and RustCamp 11 years ago
ICEs are not crashes due to memory unsafety, they are logical errors in the compiler code.
For example, here's about the worst rustc crash I've found: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/21946. It doesn't even give you an ICE, it terminates with a stack overflow.
So no, Rust cannot magically fix logic errors in large, complicated codebases, but that's not something that a complete beginner needs to worry about thankfully.