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lemma

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I think a better tactic/branding would be to call it "double billing" or "double charging". Fast/slow lanes do sound like something you should have to pay for.

To add to what you wrote about the fine line, slavery as punishment is permitted by the 13th amendment:

Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

While being able to read a financial statement is a step in understanding a business, I feel this comment needs to be knocked down a few pegs, so...

As an actual CFA charterholder, I can tell you any analyst I work with would have laughed out loud at someone bragging about passing level 1. It means you have roughly an undergrad level understanding of finance.

A quick note (since I'm on my phone) until someone posts a better reply: ev/fcf is a financial ratio you can use to compare how much you are paying for various companies (idea being that similar companies should sell for roughly similar ratios). DCF takes all the cash a company will ever make and tells you how much you should pay for that now. Basically, there are a lot of ways to value a company and some methods are better suited for a given stage in a company's life than others (for example, many methods fall apart when a company has no earnings or has negative cash flows).

My point is not to argue- my parents are both from (different) Spanish-speaking countries, one born under an extreme right wing government, the other an extreme left wing government. One country improved while the other languishes near the bottom of all countries by any measure. The one that improved did so not by blaming others (even if others were to blame! and they were!) or by defending a clearly terrible government, which Venezuela clearly has.

Paragraph 1 is a non sequitur in the purest sense of the term.

Paragraph 2 mentions US critics, but unless the link changed, the article is a link to the BBC which: 1. is British and 2. a reporting of fact with no judgement expressed. In any case, your comment reveals more than any op-ed ever could.

Paragraph 3 is again bizarre assuming we're reading the same article (I double checked as I've read this story before- the news here seems to be the nationalization part).

So I'll conclude with this: there's a lot of criticism of the US sharedand discussed on this site, but I never notice anyone get so defensive about it, whether they agree with it or not. Why is this article so troubling to you? Especially if it's something you claim is so insignificant.

You don't need to be accredited. The debt of a company is higher in the capital structure than its equity (creditors come before shareholders in bankruptcy), so it's a more conservative investment. That's not to say that any bond is safer than any stock, and there are plenty of bonds that are very risky (companies have credit ratings just like individuals and countries). Keep in mind also that bonds tend to have a minimum purchase size (usually $10k face value) and minimum increments thereafter ($1k usually).