germanier

Yes. Usually you tell the waiter the final round amount including tip you want to pay and then they start the card transaction with that.

Paying in cash is still common at German restaurants though.

That's not a new question: what if you photograph a sculpture?

Nothing. An acquaintance of mine develops a third-party frontend explicitly marketed as a privacy-friendly alternative and actively looks at lots of user data (which includes the full name) without disclosing. I honestly believe that it's only done for improving the service (and it helps tremendously) but I can't get through with arguing that this should be transparent.

You could notice by closely reading the source code.

It's clearly in the spirit of the law, namely Article 40 section 12 of the EU Digital Services Act:

Providers of very large online platforms or of very large online search engines shall give access without undue delay to data, including, where technically possible, to real-time data, provided that the data is publicly accessible in their online interface by researchers, including those affiliated to not for profit bodies, organisations and associations, who comply with the conditions set out in paragraph 8, points (b), (c), (d) and (e), and who use the data solely for performing research that contributes to the detection, identification and understanding of systemic risks in the Union pursuant to Article 34(1).

The usual formal definition for the rational numbers is equivalence classes of pairs of integers. The zero is then the equivalence class of (0, 1) which is not the same as the integer 0.

You could certainly somehow get it to work by starting with the closure of the division operation but would introduce a lot of unnecessary headache along the way.

In buildings with differently owned apartments it's required but in theory (and in some places in practice) you could also setup multiple buildings on a common plot of land with one.

In Germany there is the in some - but not all - aspects similar concept of WEG (Wohneigentumsgemeinschaft).

I can't think of a single example of a former FH having rebranded to "Universität". The closest I can think of is the incorporation of FH Lausitz into BTU Cottbus. In any case, there are still >200 FHs in Germany which are not using the "Universität" label and without right to award doctorates. I'm really not sure what you are talking about.

Do we know for a fact that the operators didn't run file hosters as well with links to those hosters being preferred?

Because that was the business model of their predecessor.

In Germany, the protected title Ingenieur is still around but most bachelor degrees in a technical field grant you the right to use it. Whether or not you are one doesn't change the liability situation (although you can't perform certain works at all without). It's not really relevant in software development.

The English term "Engineer" can be used by anybody though.

Yes, it's an EU-wide legal requirement (directive 98/6/EC on consumer protection in the indication of the prices of products offered to consumers).

You have to cleanly separate personal and company taxes. If the managing director makes significant decisions (as in forming the will, not as in executing) while on German soil, the company is taxed like any other German capital company.

Btw. despite the myth, just being 182 days outside of Germany doesn't get you out of German personal taxes. It just stops taxation of foreign-derived income.

A commented translation is available under the title Pythagoras. Legende - Lehre - Lebensgestaltung as a book and as open access here: https://rep.adw-goe.de/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-002D-B3AD-5...

It's perfectly legal (and common) for a decade now to scan documents and destroy the paper original as long as you follow some guidelines. Keyword is "ersetzendes Scannen".

And yes, they care about those rules and that you provide "originals" according to that definition - in particular that you didn't modify digital documents in any way. You can (and should) comply with that and there are service providers to help if you are to small to set that up yourself.

Yes, this is correct.

All accidents, no matter how minor, have to be documented and the documentation kept for 5 years though.

You already agree to buy such an ticket (at the "erhöhtes Beförderungsentgelt" price) but there is no way to avoid a criminal law specifically designed for that situation by just changing the content of a contract.

The linked tender is mostly not about marketing. They tendered basically a pretty large travel agency. Eurail is surely not just a intermediary here. They are in the business of selling train passes and operate lots of the services tendered for decades (e.g. an online train booking platform)

The usual method is by SEPA direct debit (initiated by Paypal) but you can use a SEPA transfer as well to top up your Paypal balance and pay with that.

According to the Bundesbank, Paypal is the most used online payment type in Germany with almost every second transaction using it.

Employees in high salary groups can opt to get a "NetzCard" which allows unlimited travel in all DB operated trains. High management gets a real BahnCard 100 for them and a second person.

The free day tickets for private use that every employee gets are limited to 16 a year (but only one a month is tax free) and don't allow to take someone with you.

By the way, not every employee can use first class for business related travel (many can).

The monthly payment option is discontinued, you can now only get it by paying a lump sum of 4339 € for a whole year.

But you can (and there are many), it's just called "Beitrag" instead of "Steuer" with the only difference being exactly the binding to a purpose.

My mother would not be able to keep her private key secure.

That service is not new. And nobody seriously considers adopting GPG for that, as it's has serious design flaws.

Yes, my statements are about the legal reality I Germany.

GPG signatures convey no special legal status above regular email even if the key is signed by a government-owned company that verified your eID.

The number mentioned is of services, not entities supplying them (there are far more as many are rendered on a local level). A typical citizen uses a few dozen of those although often only once a decade or so. The text probably doesn't go into detail as that is part of another set of legislation.

I can't think of a service like the ones on the list that has been privatized. The law as written would not extend to that but who knows what would be enacted in that case.

Anyway, this is all theory so far as they are still in the stage of drawing up a technical architecture.

It does not have such a service. In fact, it is prohibited to use the document number for any other purpose than identifying the document itself, even for government entities.

An enacted law is not "propaganda", it's the law. You can ignore all the fluff around the factual statements if you like.

The number is only intended to be used by government entities. The law restricts usage to census and communication with government entities (as well as already established tax-related use).

There is no special legal status attached to that.

Actual electronic signatures recognized by law are not based on GPG.

The Steuer-ID is now intended to be used as a global identifier. The law is already enacted, but there are still some technical questions open.

See https://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/pressemitteilungen/DE/202...