HN user
Yes, if they have a known vulnerability in the wild in a currently-supported product, the rest is just details.
Tangentially, I wonder: has anyone built a friendly browse/search interface for all-time CVE data [0]? This makes me curious about what the history of SQL injection vulnerability discovery looks like.
Agreed, "global warming" is poor marketing. It's also a common colloquialism among climate change deniers, no? So, if you need to explain to someone how cold weather doesn't mean "global warming is fake", maybe also steer them toward the notion of climate change. "Anthropogenic forcing" or "it's our fault" is of course another important matter.
Is it one or the other? I don't know anything about dark rooms where captains of industry who profit from fossil fuels orchestrate climate denialism. Sounds plausible. But in any event, such efforts are surely more difficult, if possible at all, with an informed citizenry.
This is great. People who don't trust experts and cynically think that everything is political can readily say "It's really cold! See, global warming and climate change are fake!" Here we see that the polar vortex isn't extra-strong this year, it's extra-week, and the breakdown may send chunks of it southward.
This armchair level of understanding (even if my summary is not right on the nose) is what we need when we encounter people who actually want to politicize the weather. Will we defeat ignorance, or will ignorance defeat us?
For some reason, I have a PhD in Health Policy and clinical practice, so, I'm inclined to look at the healthcare system when thinking about this question.
IMO it's simple (and this is of course a common view): healthcare in the United States is a failed market. It's not about free market fundamentalism vs socialism, it's just that in this case, this market is totally broken. Costs are completely out of control, and accordingly, access, that is, access without incurring crippling debt, is a huge problem.
Obama tried to address both cost and access. He went up against the insurance companies, and lost. He got somewhere on access, but even that is just access to insurance; insurance that may leave you with thousands of dollars to pay out-of-pocket if you walk into the ED with a complaint. So maybe you don't go.
Socialized medicine, it seems, certainly won't fly in this country. But socialized insurance, "Medicare for all"? We, the little people, have many reasons to support a multi-decade experiment with that.
There's no ideology here. It's just insane (unless you're profiting!) given history for us to continue imagine that in this case the Invisible Hand is going to fix things.
Aviation accounts for 1.9% of global greenhouse gas emissions [0]. If we're going to take a sober look at where to focus our efforts, this:
"Global aviation’s contribution to the climate crisis was growing fast before the Covid-19 pandemic, with emissions jumping by 32% from 2013-18"
Should be:
"Global aviation’s contribution to the climate crisis was growing fast before the Covid-19 pandemic. Aviation's contribution to global CO2 emissions rose from 1.3% to 1.9% from 2013-18"
But the latter doesn't attract clicks so much. Transportation overall accounts for 28% of greenhouse gas emissions [1]. That's the story that matters.
There's certainly a point here about wealthy nations and wealthy people being responsible for a lion's share of the problem, but really, everyone knows that. This article, and indeed the linked paper [2] gloss over the relative size of the aviation problem.
[0] https://ourworldindata.org/co2-emissions-from-aviation
[1] https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emis...
[2] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095937802...
Yes, or (in this case?) interpreting it. I think of spreadsheets as visual functional programming environments. The humble spreadsheet has an interesting kinship with the most trendy, and, for some (me!), difficult-to-grok programming paradigm.
Really, a ding here? I thought HN was where you go to discuss what's actually going on under the hood, not so much "now you need a Google account", which will surface itself in your general tech news feed. Hmm. I hope we don't go the way of Slashdot. What a sad decline that was. Where Google comes down on TLS vs E2E is a BFD.
TLS not E2E. When Zoom got called out for lying about having E2E [0], I looked into the landscape around this a bit. Facetime and Signal are E2E, but don't support recording, which would of course need to be on-device if implemented.
Does the distinction matter? I think so. There's a big difference between the provider promising to keep your data secure and to not do anything underhanded with it versus the provider simply not having access to your data.
[0] https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/31/21201234/zoom-end-to-end-...
Yes, cleaner, and no switch in Python.
If I'm teaching young'ns per se using a toy language, I'd reach for Scratch. It's history and Google's embrace of it seem like strong endorsements. Are there other good candidates in that space?
If I'm teaching an intro class using a general purpose language, it's Ruby or Python. My heart lies with Ruby, but having basic Python chops is such a bigger win downstream.
for i in range(1, 101):
if i % 15:
print ('FizzBuzz')
elif i % 3 == 0:
print ('Fizz')
elif i % 5 == 0:
print ('Buzz')
else:
print (str(i))
(1..100).each do |i|
if i % 15 == 0
puts 'FizzBuzz'
elsif i % 3 == 0
puts 'Fizz'
elsif i % 5 == 0
puts 'Buzz'
else
puts i
end
endWho cares about the philosophical implications of the theorems? Philosophers! The linked article is about how the theorems destroyed Whitehead et al's aspirations to find One Algebra To Rule Them All.
The literature on Gödel and philosophy is gargantuan, for some reason. Wasn't it summed up well by Wittgenstein? Paraphrasing: "Who cares about your contradictions?" Well said. Also not the topic Wolchover's article.
Math people can make the same move: "Who cares about your philosophizing?"
If you're uninitiated and simply want to grok where true-but-unprovable comes from, I recommend: https://www.quantamagazine.org/how-godels-incompleteness-the...
Wolchover is masterful here. The layers of abstraction keep piling up, and I had to read the last part more than a couple of times to really get it, but then you have it.
Hear here! I'm reminded of Freud's "Civilization and Its Discontents", wherein he expands his ideas about psychopathology to civilization as a whole. Tellingly, psychologists call what what you describe "splitting"[0], and, increasingly, that's what society is doing in the United States.
Maybe someone here can explain: I've come across more than a few philosophers, of the PhD/academic flavor, who are dismissive of Wittgenstein's work. I have a gist-level understanding of his work, and a hobbyist's knowledge of the history of Western thought up through, say, Foucault.
Am I seeing a biased sample or is LW out of fashion these days? If so, why?
A reasonable perspective for sure. But I don't see it. Asked a question about the nature of magnetic force by a lay person, he saw fit to launch into a lecture about causation. He was a lecturer by trade.
Socrates, as we receive him, opened peoples' eyes about causation, too. If anyone did it like a jerk it was him. Leading you down the path of your own ideas into a contradiction, just to show you what you don't know? That's embarrassing and unhelpful. I'd rather be lectured.
Is he the friendliest explainer? Surely not. Who cares? His gifts in communicating deep ideas in science to lay people were beyond compare.
As a liberal/progressive/democrat in today's society, you're pro-labor, therefore pro-union, right? When do you make an exception?
I see a parallel with our healthcare system. Undoubtedly, though things are bad and getting worse, capitalism kinda' works. But in the U.S., healthcare is a failed market and that's not going to change. Time to start over. Same with police unions.
Yes, this article should parade the p-value to make its point and for some reason it doesn't.
On p-values and linear regression in general, though: when you're new to inferential statistics applied to really complex data, such as anything that relates to human behavior, you go through this "clearly that's not a linear relationship" phase. But that's not really the point. You can choose any sort of function you want to maximize r, the options are endless [0]. But linear regression has a distinct advantage in that you can interpret the model coefficients as meaningful numbers. You can say things like "for every 5% increase in the proportion of binge drinkers in your state you can expect an X% increase in the proportion of the population that will get Covid" ...if the model satisfies some significance parameter threshold, like p<0.05, and, you know, correlation equals causation. Everyone knows that. Anyway, with your great 4th order polynomial, all you can say is "see, it fits!"
About significance thresholds. Yes, they are totally arbitrary, another realization in one's journey with frequentist statistics that is quite deflating. Still, we need a rule of thumb so we use things like p<0.05 and have a bunch of fancy ways to account for things like multiple comparisons, which increase the likelihood that some spurious correlation would have appeared to be significant without such adjustments.
This stuff is all super-useful when used appropriately. That's why, when you need to create a model (outside the Bayesian/ML anything goes world) and you need to get it right, the first thing you do is reach out to your trusty PhD statistician friend. At least, that's what I do. They spend countless hours to get to a place where they can say "in this situation, I would suggest..." I'm glad some people are into it that much.
Cloud portability? Containerization if your app isn't built with serverless in mind, serverless if it is. Is there anything snowflake-y about the Big Three's offerings for container orchestration and true serverless?
And for not-infrastructure cloud services, aren't they pretty interchangeable? I recently evaluated four different cloud speech-to-text services. Sure the APIs differed, but you know, it's an API call. I see nothing to complain about.
One other other thing. Functional thinking has greatly changed the landscape of client-server applications that are hosted in the cloud as well. If your aim is apps, maybe don't bother to master the skills needed to set up and maintain a Linux server (although if you follow OP's other suggestions, you're well on your way). Instead, consider your backend as a network of microservices, functions, that each do one thing and do it with side effects only when necessary. The host for your app? Poof! That's AWS/GCP/Azure's problem.
One other thing. You will be thinking functions first if you get into data science, say with Python/Pandas. In general, Pandas functions are vectorized, meaning that they operate on members of a collection in parallel. You really don't want to write a loop that iterates over some 5,000,000 member collection and applies some expensive function serially.
I can't speak authoritatively about Java, but it looks like map-reduce is available in Java 8 by casting a collection to a stream [0]. Considering the definitions of map and reduce can help one see how they can replace loops/counters:
MAP: Take a collection, say a list/array or a dictionary/hash, and perform some function on each member of the collection, returning a new collection who's members are the return values for each original member. It's a loop, but no loop!
REDUCE: Do the same thing as map, but carry along an output variable, and have your function's output for each member (potentially) mutate that output variable. Summing is a basic example.
I'm not specifically recommending preferring this in Java as a step towards functional programming. It's in, uh, more terse languages like Python and Ruby where the payoff is obvious [1][2]. And among not-functional programming languages, it's not just dynamic languages, either. Consider Dart (and seriously, consider Dart) [3]. Also, Javascript, which has had many features shoehorned-in over the years, has these and related functions.
[0] https://www.java67.com/2016/09/map-reduce-example-java8.html
[1] Double some numbers Python: result = map(lambda x: x + x, array_of_numbers)
[2] In Ruby: result = array_of_numbers.map{|x| x + x}
[3] In Dart: result = arrayOfNumbers.map((x) => x + x).toList();
An excellent list. Regarding functional programming, I recommend starting with a gentle approach that doesn't require picking up a new language:
1. Stop creating counters/loops and become facile with map, reduce, and the like. This will shift your thinking away from blocks and toward functions.
2. Take the time to really understand what side effects are, and start avoiding them everywhere they are not necessary. Keep scopes as local as is practical.
3. When you start toying with functional programming per se, make sure you really have your head around recursion. That's where much of the magic concision comes from.
An interesting idea. What would the consequences be? No one knows.
IMO the US is sitting on a powder keg when it comes to power-sharing between the government and Big Tech. What if Google's board took their ball and went home, shutting everything down and becoming a hedge fund? What Jack Dorsey gets fed up and does the same, or worse, loses his mind and forms a cabal that secretly uses Twitter to sew global conflict?
These extreme scenarios point to an ever-present reality: if things really go South between the US government and Big Tech, it won't be simple submission from the industry, it will be a disaster. The side that can threaten violence wins, but when the other side controls what counts as true, what sort of battle is that?
This question arises regularly in everyday conversation about the future. I was asked this by a friend within the last week. Here is the correct answer: "Well, I don't know what consciousness is. As for [specific behavior X], my guess is that..."
The conversation can then proceed fruitfully, without the pretense of special knowledge about 'consciousness', which no one has. There are plenty of people who are experts in both philosophy of mind and brain science. I know one, with a PhD in each discipline. Consensus is not forthcoming in this area. Stick to the concrete.
Blaming? This is a rallying cry. The problems you list are important. Nonetheless, social distancing is perhaps the strongest weapon against this pandemic. Point fingers if you like, but also take responsibility.
It is right and good to poke fun at artists describing nonrepresentational work as being about something. It's endemic in contemporary art music as well.
One can still dig the work itself, though. Forget the words around it. Talking about art is like dancing about architecture.
If you want to do your own analytics on these data, here's one approach, which I'm using. Start your project as a vanilla Git repo, then add the JH repo as a submodule.
git submodule add https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19
git submodule update --remote COVID-19
8 notes is what popular music is based on.
OK, forget everything I said but the 8 notes thing. Just, no. "Yesterday"? Great melody. whistle just the first eight notes. "Yesterday, love was such an eas". Hmm. Wonder if there are more examples.