What Are Spomeniks?

https://www.spomenikdatabase.org/what-are-spomeniks

by dr_dshiv • 6 years ago

82 51 6 years ago

spomenikdatabase.org

Traxus• 6 years ago

Is there not a perfectly fine English translation, "Memorial"?

floatingatoll2• 6 years ago

No.

The locally-used name here, "Spomeniks", more precisely groups and identifies these structures than the foreign word "Memorial" would. Calling them by another name would make it difficult to communicate usefully about them, while simultaneously stripping away a piece of their cultural heritage: their native-language name.

Additionally, as the article notes, Spomenik translates to Monument in english, not Memorial. They may be both "Spomeniks" and "Monuments", but the more precise name "Spomeniks" uniquely refers to them, while the less precise name "Monuments" refers to millions of other objects not associated with this Yugoslavian cultural effort as well. Prior argument applies.

For example, we call "Stonehenge" and "Moai" by their locally-used names. They may also be "Monuments", but they have more precise names available, which are widely used.

twic3• 6 years ago

In England, we call Stonehenge a monument:

https://heritagecalling.com/2016/10/10/im-sorry-but-what-is-...

twic3• 6 years ago

"Spomenik" is literally the word for "monument", right? Here's an article from 1849 mentioning building a Napoleonic monument, calling it a spomenik:

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rz8_AQAAMAAJ&dq=%22spome...

If you mentioned to another former Yugoslavian that you had drawn a picture of a spomenik, would it be implicitly clear that you meant one of these postwar memorials, or could they reasonably assume you meant, say, the statue of Bruce Lee in Mostar?

eric_bullington• 6 years ago

Yes.

As someone who at one time spoke fluent Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian, I can confirm that "spomenik" can be (and sometimes is!) translated as "memorial". Indeed, the root of the word is a verb that in its archaic sense can mean "to remember", as does the verbal root of "memorial". Furthermore, "spomenik" can also be translated as "monument".

So while the word often is used in the context of the WWII socialist memorials, the word in fact just means "monument" or "memorial". For example, here's an article using the term for a memorial to veterans ("defenders"), specifically those who died, from the 1991-1995 Croatian War for Independence: https://pakrackilist.hr/spomenik-hrvatskim-braniteljima-dovr...

I don't completely disagree with the author's idea to use the original term to add some local color, but it's not a special term, just one of the general terms used for memorials and monuments. A related term, "spomenica", is also frequently used, but I'm not sure about the nuances between these two terms.

I'm sure a native speaker could fill us in.

avian• 6 years ago

the more precise name "Spomeniks" uniquely refers to them

This is wrong. As a native Slovenian speaker and fluent in English I can say that "spomenik" is as specific in our language as "monument" is in English. This page is the first time I ever saw anybody attribute the word to specifically mean these old socialist monuments.

egman_ekki• 6 years ago

But similar monuments exist in lots of post communist countries and are called differently based on local languages, so you would need to use different names for these monuments in each country which kind of defeats the purpose of language translation... we need to accept that words don't have 1:1 mapping.

dehumanise• 6 years ago

yeah it's kind of weird

dang2• 6 years ago

Of course, but it's a cool word and it's being used in this context to indicate a specific kind of a memorial from a specific part of the world, which is what makes this post interesting. "Memorials" generically wouldn't make as interesting a topic.

Generic words are often adopted into other languages to carry a more specific meaning, though damned if I can think of an example right now.

I'm sure the title "What Are Spomeniks?" doesn't help because it's basically trolling everyone who speaks a Slavic language, but it's also kind of a cool-looking title and I'd be sad to change it. (How about this? Think of it as ostranenie: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defamiliarization)

dr_dshiv2• 6 years ago

Nice, this helps: "as Aristotle said, "poetic language must appear strange and wonderful.""

pvg• 6 years ago

Lots of Russian ones - nomenklatura, maskirovka, arguably 'disinformation' itself, etc.

nathancahill• 6 years ago

Oh wow. Currently in Bosnia & Hercegovina, did not expect to see this on the front page of HN. There are so many here. They are impressive to see in person. The one in Sarajevo is a monument to WWII soldiers: https://www.spomenikdatabase.org/sarajevo

Also, Stećak, the medieval version: https://bazerdzan.ba/blogs/blog/stecak-the-true-bosnian-trea...

amatecha• 6 years ago

I was there as well a couple years ago and purposely sought a few out just to see them in person! Very imposing and interesting monuments indeed. Memorable, too.

res0nat0r• 6 years ago

There is a great book out with lots of pictures of these I'd recommend: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0995745536/

Also for trivia, there is a Spomenik in the new Warzone mode in Call of Duty.

https://www.callofduty.com/warzone/strategyguide/tac-map-atl...

dr_dshiv2• 6 years ago

Straight to the photos. They are beautiful! https://www.spomenikdatabase.org/photo-directory

afc• 6 years ago

Thank you for taking the time to post the link. I would have moved on and missed them otherwise. They are truly beautiful indeed!

tomca324• 6 years ago

Funny to see those are referred to in English as "Spomeniks". After living in the US for a decade, looking at this definitely brings an incredible feeling of nostalgia.

Damn it. I want to go back in time, and back to Sarajevo.

CodeMage2• 6 years ago

Although it's a very unpopular sentiment these days, I also want to go back in time to Old Yugoslavia. I still remember reading "Moj Mikro" and "Svet Kompjutera", attending JUDEF in Šibenik and making friends with kids from all over Yugoslavia. My generation, at least, believed in brotherhood and unity.

toomanybeersies• 6 years ago

I'm not so sure how unpopular it is.

I have a friend who steadfastly still calls himself Yugoslavian, rather than Macedonian.

Haven't really talked to him about why, and that's a sample size of 1, but there's others out there who at least look back fondly on Yugoslavia.

tomca324• 6 years ago

Oh yes. My father had a massive collection of those magazines. He was a hobbyist programmer at that time and I think in one of Svet Kompjutera, he got a review of his software: https://www.worldofspectrum.org/infoseekid.cgi?id=0008074

fit2rule• 6 years ago

Australian here - I too want to go back to old Yugoslavia and see what it was like. I recently had some time in Serbia and Kosovo, and it was eye-opening to say the least - the differences and the similarities between the cultures don't make a lot of sense to the milquetoast mentality inculcated into me by my Aussie upbringing. It is a very fascinating region of the world and I can only say that having spent time in both Belgrade and Pristina, there is a little bit of hope that the new generation will rise from the turmoil of their parents past. Slowly, bit by bit, the prejudice and distrust is eroding.

Hate those border crossings, though. The drive from Vienna to Pristina was something I'll never forget.

aphextron• 6 years ago

It's almost impossible to comprehend now that the communist revolution was, at one time, a highly progressive Utopian fantasy materialized. That for a short time it inspired works of art like this and was a source of optimism for millions of people before descending into the darkness of the cold war. It gives serious pause to the alluring ideal of socialism in this country. Everyone always thinks that their time will be different and that they have it all figured out. But the insidious side of human nature that always thwarts such ideals and reduces to authoritarianism is a constantly insurmountable baseline of what we are.

tomca324• 6 years ago

Keep in mind that Yugoslavia was a completely different thing during the cold war. It was a communist country that was not part of the Comintern, or the Warsaw pact. It, in fact, had open borders with the west.

This caused it to be in a much better place economically than the rest of the communist world.

There's an old nostalgic american tourist piece about it: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0RRnCnO1Y2c&has_verified=1

arethuza3• 6 years ago

I travelled from Italy into Yugoslavia in 1988 by train and I wouldn't exactly describe it as a pleasant experience - train stopped in the middle of nowhere and was surrounded by soldiers and everyone had to endure a very thorough check of our travel documents. Travelling from Yugoslavia into Hungary on the same trip I don't think the train even stopped.

dang2• 6 years ago

Please don't take HN threads on generic ideological tangents. They lead to the same few predictable themes, repeated over and over, usually nastily. They're a sort of recitation, which is the opposite of the curious discussion this site is for. One is about repeating things, the other is about saying new things.

https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html

https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=false&qu...

uka• 6 years ago

Bosnian here. I would never call spomeniks spomeniks in English. I would call them monuments and spomenik in Bosnian. Besides nostalgia that they cause in yugo nostalgic people - I don't see how they are special in any way

aorth• 6 years ago

They are so strange and lovely. A symbol of another era. There are many of these spomeniks / pametniks in Bulgaria too, though it seems Yugoslavia really took it to the next level!

franga20002• 6 years ago

HN is the last place I expected to find this, but thanks! The anglicised use of the word "spomenik" really caught me off guard (I'm from Slovenia), but it makes enough sense after reading the article. I'll definitely try to check this map whenever I travel around the region - the design and sheer scale of some of these was always fascinating to me and I'd love to see more if I happen to be around.

hari_seldon_• 6 years ago

Is it Anglicized, or is it just using that Latin alphabet that some parts of former Yugoslavia employ (including Serbia and Croatia)?

franga20002• 6 years ago

It's anglicised as it's using the English pluralization. In Slovene, the plural of "spomenik" is "spomeniki", here it's "spomeniks". It's even explained at the bottom of the post.

jurgenwerk• 6 years ago

I fell in love with one particular spomenik so hard I decided to make a small replica from concrete: https://www.etsy.com/listing/728310082/concrete-brutalist-ww...

petercooper• 6 years ago

There are lots of monuments of this nature across eastern Europe and the old Soviet republics. I watch a popular YouTube channel where a British guy seemingly spends most of his time traveling around old Soviet places and visits lots of these monoliths (also bus stations, railway stations, anything that acted as a sort of 'monument' in Soviet times): https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLqWdYjn21PdH_SfBbtj7Y...

I prefer the big monuments like spomeniks myself, but mosaics seem to be a particularly popular form of monument too, especially in Ukraine: https://www.kathmanduandbeyond.com/photos-soviet-mosaics-for...

b4d• 6 years ago

Funny trivia guitarists Vlatko Stefanovski and Miroslav Tadic recorded the album Krushevo in one of the monuments. Check it out, album and the monument, both are great!

I am trying to visit them all through time...

ivanhoe• 6 years ago

To really understand many of these sculptures/monuments it's important to familiarize with the background stories of events that they were built to mark - mostly WWII battles and places of horrible pogroms.

A few links to add more context to some of the best known monuments:

Jasenovac https://www.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%2063... , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasenovac_concentration_camp

Bubanj Memorial park https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubanj_Memorial_Park

Battle of Sutjeska (aka Tjentište) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_Black

dotemacs• 6 years ago

Just like you have "chai" tea, or "naan" bread, so you now have "spomeniks" monuments.

What you have to remember is that these structures were erected to commemorate sacrifices that communists wished to be seen, but from a skewed, one sided perspective.

For example, during the WWII, in the whole of Germany occupied Europe, all the concentration camps were opened at the behest of of Germany. But not so in the Independent State of Croatia, which covered most of the territory of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, parts of Serbia and Slovenia. The monuments commemorating the camps are done in such a generic manner that you wouldn't know the victims from the perpetrators.

And while in Germany you have sites like Yolocaust[1] which ridicule those who don't know what the Holocaust was. You have companies like Valley Eyewear making their marketing campaigns using the Holocaust monuments.

1. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-38675835 2. https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/australian-sunglas...

igrekel• 6 years ago

See, without caring about its looks, I like this website. It gives some context, some explanations and helps me to know why I should care about this. It also provides some nice content to explore, some pointers to find out more. I just love it and I wish there were more websites with content like this.

What Are Spomeniks?

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