The Zimbu programming language

With the orphaned closed curly braces and ALL CAPS keywords, it's like this language was created to make programmers twitch uncontrollably. The only thing he could do to make this more off-putting would be to mandate some kind of crazy double-tab indentation scheme. :-p

kevin_thibedeau• 10 years ago

Why is IO a keyword?

hota_mazi3• 10 years ago

The unbalanced brace is a disturbing choice. Why not go either full braces (C, Java) or full space significant (Python)?

Fully capitalized keywords make my carpal tunnel syndrome self recoil. Probably inspired from Modula 2 or BASIC?

At least I give the creator credit for picking a name that will be easy to search :-)

pmontra3• 10 years ago

Really. I thought about that when I saw Ruby 10 years ago and didn't like to type end to close blocks. However

1. Space { } are three characters like e n d and using the idiomatic do when needed is only one more character (and the editor types end for me)

2. It looks better than an orphaned }

Other solutions:

1) Erlang has , instead of ; and . instead of } A long list of .s is not idiomatic (doesn't happen) but it would be pointless (pun intended) in a language where it does.

2) swallow the pill and use both braces.

Going the Python way (I suggest not using the : ) would be a radical change.

I also don't like the shouted COBOLish keywords. Were they necessary?

Thumbs up for the new regexp switch statement.

hota_mazi3• 10 years ago

I prefer the braces over END not because of the character count but because my brain can't avoid reading "end" when I read the code, while closing braces don't cause a word to pronounced in my mind.

Also, just like you, I find that closing cascade of ENDs in nested statements is visual noise.

kutkloon7• 10 years ago

"Back in the days" when I was programming QBASIC, which uses capitalized keywords, it was really easy to spot typos in keywords. You could just write in lowercase, and the IDE would convert your keywords to uppercase if you didn't make a typo. While I admit that it looks kind of ugly, it is actually a huge practical advantage.

nonsince• 10 years ago

Python's colon is not for the sake of the compiler (you could theoretically parse a version of Python without them), there were studies that showed that it's easier for humans to read with it than without. A lot of Python's design decisions were made because it's easier for humans to read and write (keyword operators, whitespace syntax, explicit return).

yxhuvud• 10 years ago

Putting regexes in multi-choices like that is not a new idea - you can also do it in Ruby:

  case "foo"
  when /hello/
  when /oo/
    puts "hi"
  end

I guess the new thing is having to state that it is a regex, which I assume is needed as the langauge here don't seem to have regex literals but are reusing strings (seriously, why do languages keep doing that? Did they learn nothing at all from Perl?)

hota_mazi3• 10 years ago

Using capitalized keywords in order to make it easy to add keywords in the future reveals the author is probably not very familiar with the science of parsing. It's quite possible to introduce new keywords in future versions of the language and make sure your compiler won't choke simply because the word is being used as a variable name instead of an identifier.

al2o3cr2• 10 years ago

    Animal.C a = NEW() # a can only be an instance of Animal, not Fish.

LSP says, "wat?" ;)

Although that only seems to be mentioned in the "Highlights" section and not in the language specification, so it's unclear if it's implemented...

junke• 10 years ago

You have the same in Ada, where Animal denotes the exact type, and Animal'Class the class-wide type (type and any subtype).

https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ada_Programming/Object_Orienta...

al2o3cr2• 10 years ago

The Ada variant seems to achieve a clearer goal: specify exactly where LSP / subtyping is desired, leaving the default behavior of un-decorated types alone. Explicit opt-out as in Zimbu seems odd.

phantom_oracle• 10 years ago

The language does make a strong case for "code is read more than it is written", so it does make it easier/cleaner to quickly see the keywords, etc.

However, 2 improvements that could be made are:

1) being able to write the code as normal (if instead of IF, else instead of ELSE) and then using something like:

zu.fmt

To format the code (best of both worlds?)

2) Dropping the ending-brace. It will just lead to many errors that could otherwise be avoided

---

Also, if you are interested in a similar language, maybe Nim might be worth a look:

http://nim-lang.org/

qwertyuiop9245• 10 years ago

Nim... urgh. It's a bit quirky, bit kind of nice.

The really ugly bit is the macro system: Nim macros are awful.

dom96• 10 years ago

The really ugly bit is the macro system: Nim macros are awful.

If I had a penny for every time I see you say that on HN... :)

In any case, I disagree with you. Nim macros are really easy to work with, the AST construction is a bit verbose but that can be easily remedied by writing functions which make the construction easier.

nimmer• 10 years ago

You keep repeating that without describing how in comparison to other languages.

otabdeveloper2• 10 years ago

"code is read more than it is written"

Is that really true? An amazing amount of absolutely mission-critical infrastructure runs on code that was written once and probably never even code-reviewed.

audunw• 10 years ago

How old is this? The pitch reads exactly like a description of the Nim language, and then it claims no such language exists..

Dinius• 10 years ago

Site activity on the bottom of the page goes back to February 12, 2009

gravypod3• 10 years ago

Simplicity is the most difficult thing to engineer. I think this is a good example of that.

There are so many symbols, special cases, if ands and buts. When do things get $? When do things get ;? When do things get capitalized?

Making words capitalized shouldn't be needed. If your language is being used and the syntax of the language encompases more of then the meaning you are attemping to convey then you've poorly designed the language.

I think python is a good example of how to be simple. There are (), :, and whitespace. You have if, elif, def, and class (I'm not counting pass). The syntax and semantics are simple (although I don't like the reliance of whitespace as a block segregation technique).

It's hard to see the logic under the language in Zimbu. In python the logic is the language. When you see really pythonic code, the code are just expressing the ideas in a simple way using the language's keywords is a way to make it even simpler. For example

   for account in database(outstanding_bill=True): 
      print(account.name)

As you can see, there is a syntax to this but it reads the same way as the program is meant to run. "For every account found in database that has outstanding_bills print the account name". The syntax is part of the meaning in this. In Zimbu..... I think work needs to be done. I'm just not getting it I don't think.

kibwen• 10 years ago

  > There are (), :, and whitespace. You have if, elif, def, 
  > and class (I'm not counting pass).

I'm a big fan of Python, but I'm not sure what you're trying to say here. There are way, way more than four reserved words in Python (including ones like `False` which aren't immediately obvious as keywords due to the different capitalization). There are also way more symbols used than those you list: [] for lists/comprehensions, {} for dicts/sets, single/double asterisks for unpacking, @ for decorators, all the familiar symbolic bitwise operators that C has, \ for line continuations, ; for multiple statements on the same line, etc.

gravypod3• 10 years ago

I meant to start. They may be pervasive throught the community but you don't need to know about them as you may not even see them for the first little while.

Decerators are something I am also not going to count as they aren't going to be the first thing, or even one of the most basic things, you will encounter. It's like counting "register" as a C keyword. It is buy you're likely to be able to go an entire lifetime without seeing it in a codebase.

In Python 2 True and False are not keywords. You can reassign their values. But I see what you mean and yes my list isn't comprehensive. It's an example.

The list would probably be more like (), {}, [], <, >, !, =, \, ',', :, ;, *, and @. For a basic programming experiance you you're probably not going to see or even care about a most of the nitty and gritty ones you describe in the contexts as you describe. You could even avoid using [] and {} by just writing "list()" and "dict()".

Basically I agree but again the point still stands. Python has far less clutter then what is demonstrated here. While python may have many really cool magic single-character operators most of them aren't really in your face. "!=" may be the most in your face one along side ":". In total the clutter is just not dumped all over your code or at least it doesn't seem like it is.

seanmcdirmid2• 10 years ago

As a counterpoint, APL was a very popular language in its day. Special symbols, very obtuse and concise syntax, heck, it even had a special keyboard. There are some niches where such choices can work.

gravypod3• 10 years ago

How many people use APL currently? Is it easy to find APL programmers?

otabdeveloper2• 10 years ago

I think python is a good example of how to be simple.

I disagree. Python was a good example of that when it was Python 1.5.

Modern Python 3.5 is a Perl-style nightmare of special cases, weird sigils, ridiculous primitive types needed because of legacy reasons, inconsistent standard libraries and everything else that comes with being a 'serious' language.

moomin• 10 years ago

Someone else has already observed that the motivation pretty much exactly matches Nim's. However, if you just decide that you don't need a compile to C language, Go or even Haskell matches the criteria...

dom0• 10 years ago

or rust

masukomi• 10 years ago

or Chicken Scheme (and many of its friends)

justinmk• 10 years ago

The previous discussion[1] made a good case for Lua.

Shipping Lua as a first-class alternative to VimL also happens to be the primary goal for Neovim in 2017.

[1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=895350

autismo• 10 years ago

What bothers me most about this language isn't the orphaned braces, or the case sensitive keywords or any of the other quirky decisions.

What bothers me most is the monkey mascot. What relevance does a monkey have to this programming language? Is the idea that it's so simple a monkey could do it? Is the monkey Zimbu? It isn't explained anywhere, and I'm betting it's just some random animal they chose without any thought because it's cute.

At least the Go gopher makes a little bit of sense (GOpher). This monkey seems like a completely nonsensical choice though.

isxek• 10 years ago

What relevance does a monkey have to this programming language? Is the idea that it's so simple a monkey could do it?

Possibly:

http://dilbert.com/search_results?terms=Zimbu+The+Monkey

nurettin• 10 years ago

> No existing language really meets these demands, so let's create a new one that does!

What about lazarus/fpc?

I could easily drop a memo on a form and start giving it highlighting rules. I could easily connect to postgres and bring up a form with a grid and export it to excel. The pascal language itself is simple and works on multiple platforms.

roystonvassey• 10 years ago

As an aside, and from a non-CS person's perspective, what is the need for more programming languages? I find at least one new one every few days on HN. I've been learning Python since late 2015 and I find just mastering one language (and its libraries) overwhelming.

So, what is the incremental advantage to be gained by learning yet another new language?

The Zimbu programming language

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