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urubu

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This is the entry for 'poika' in a Finnish etymological dictionary (Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja), run through deepl:

"The word has definite etymological equivalents in both closely related and distantly related languages, e.g. Karelian and Votic poika, Ludic and Vepsian poig}, Estonian poeg, Livonian puoga, Komi and Udmurt pi, Mansi pig, and Hungarian fiu. Possible equivalents are also the initial parts of the Mordvin word pijo 'grandchild' and the Mari word puerge 'male person' (erge 'man'). The original form of the word has been reconstructed as *pojka. The Swedish pojke, which in the past also meant 'servant boy', is apparently a loanword from Finnish. In contrast, the English boy and the etymologically related German Bube have different origins."

There is an effect called dispersion, which causes different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation to travel through a medium at different speeds (lower frequencies => slower).

It's strong enough to be noticeable in the case of pulsars (but probably insignificant inside the solar system).

The Finnish course is especially bad in this regard. You learn the words for 'lynx' (ilves) and 'wolverine' (ahma), but not for 'left' and 'right'.

There seems to be a Kazakh translation by a guy called Medeubai Kurmanov.

See: http://www.rusnauka.com/9_NND_2014/Philologia/6_162301.doc.h...

Quote: 'The first part of tragedy in Kazakh language was published in 1969. The full translation of Goethe’s drama poem "Faust" was edited in 1983. The translation of "Faust" into Kazakh language in Germany was marked. Klaus Schneider in his book «Alma-Ata. Kasachischer Fruehling» writes with delight about Medeubai Kurmanov. Many warm words are written about him in the reporting of Rut Kraft «Fruechte aus Alma-Ata». Medeubai Kurmanov is selected the honorary member of Goethe International society.'

Maybe the Goethe-Institut in Almaty knows more.

Not to be pedantic, but I think 'laying' has a different etymology, namely this one (quote from the OED):

'lay, v.1 General sense: To cause to lie.

[OE. lęcgan = OFris. ledsa, lega, leia, OS. leggian (Du. leggen), OHG. lecken, legen (MHG., mod.G. legen), ON. legja (Sw. lägga, Da. lægge), Goth. (= OTeut.) lagjan, f. lag- ablaut-variant of OTeut. leg-: see lie v.'

OE = Old English, OFris.= Old Frisian etc.

Pareto made a distinction between 'residues' (psychological bases underlying social action) and 'derivations' (rationalizations by members of society as justifications of those actions). It might be used in that sense here.

Shortwave listening used to be the gateway drug for many hams. That's the reason for the apparent overlap.

Receivers of this type are pretty useless on the ham bands. You can't even connect a proper antenna to it (technically you can, but the unit would struggle with overload issues).

73s, dg3mg