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Unless gratefulness is actually binary (x is grateful for y), and directing this gratefulness towards someone is completely optional. (One might argue that the object of gratefulness is optional as well, and you can be grateful simpliciter, in an unqualified way. But to them I'd say there's an implied, general, object: the world, life, existence, or something like this.)

Correct. The translated sentence ("my son was a gude and honourable mon, but Sparta has mony a mon better than him.") does ends with two distinctly Doric words: τήνω (there, i.e. in Sparta) κάρρονας (stronger/better), instead of the Attic ἐκεῖ κρείττονας.

There's a very interesting comparison to be made between Wittgenstein and Spinoza, but saying something like "basically just a rehash" completely missed the point. Saying that Spinoza is "just a rehash" of Stoic ideas is a bit more correct, and still not very interesting outside of a very specified discussion.

The title "Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus" was not Wittgenstein's idea, but Moore's.

I've tried it now and got 22k, which seems not so bad for a foreigner ("Top 6.53% Your vocabulary is at the level of professional white-collars in the US!"), but I feel like I cheated: most of the more fancy English words are just misspelled Latin, and having even a modest Latin vocabulary (I'd don't think I know more than 4k Latin words) makes their meanings pretty obvious.

Solon[1] is my favorite example, and how I think a benevolent ruler should act; Write a good constitution and take a step back. I think Juan Carlos of Spain did something similar: "Expected to continue Franco's legacy, Juan Carlos, however, soon after his accession introduced reforms to dismantle the Francoist regime and begin the Spanish transition to democracy" [2].

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solon [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain

A bit more about the etymology: δαίμων (daimon) in ancient greek is simply a god, or a divine spirit [1]. It appears earliest in the Iliad (1.222), and is probably related to the the root da: "from PIE dai-mon- "divider, provider" (of fortunes or destinies), from root *da- "to divide."[2]. Classical Latin trascribed it as daemon, because "ae" was pronounced "ai". Some years had passed, and Latin-speakers stated saying "e" instaed of "ai"[3], and writing "demon". English, as was mention in the article, borrowed the word twice, in both spellings.

I think that since there's a gap in the meaning and writing of the two words, we might as well pronounce them differently, and so I follow the Greek and say "dai-mon".

[1] LSJ Greek-English Lexicon: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%... [2] https://www.etymonline.com/word/demon?ref=etymonline_crossre... [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_spelling_and_pronunciati...