taxguy

And you file a LLC tax return as well, along with the associated preparation of financial statements?

I could not successfully sign up and the information on the site is very limited. What exactly does your service do? It implies all tax compliance, but I find that hard to believe. Perhaps you can confirm you comply with all the payroll requirements of the jurisdictions you operate in?

A US company that employs an individual resident in Canada is required to: - Keep W-8 on file - Register for a Canadian tax ID - Keep a "shadow" payroll system in Canada, and report monthly the payroll to the Canada Revenue Agency - Deduct Canada Pension Plan, Employment Insurance, and income taxes, and remit to the Crown (1) - Issue a T4 slip at the end of the Year (W-2 equivalent)

The above process is very different for a US company that employs an individual resident in the UK or France.

There are other factors to consider: residency status, hypothetical tax and equalization payments, and treaty relief comes to mind. I ask because, what we would call "Global Mobility Services" consisting of cross-border taxation of employees, is pretty much done in Excel because of the thousands of permutations possible with the above factors and 190 odd countries of the world.

(1) See Regulation 102 and Regulation 105 withholdings

Countries with no capital gains taxes (on account of capital, not income): New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Switzerland. There's others, of course.

This is interesting. One of the recommendations are to "Limit highly processed foods. If you choose these foods, eat them less often and in small amounts."

Would these meatless products be considered "highly processed food" that should be limited?

In the Netherlands, a corporation is a resident for tax purposes if the management and control of that company is in the Netherlands, regardless of where that corporation is set up. There is no reference to address or office location. I'd be wary of casually dismissing Dutch tax residency of an "online" company--it is not as trivial as most think it is.

This is correct, and this applies to many OECD countries. There's generally little reason to set up a company overseas if you live in an OECD or EU country; foreign affiliate tax rules will get you.

Corporate taxation is generally based on where the management and control of the business is, not where it is incorporated, although the incorporation jurisdiction is considered. If you had incorporated the Estonian company by yourself without a partner and had been running it from Canada, the Estonian company will be considered a Canadian company for tax purposes and required for file a T2 corporate income tax return.

If you are still a Canadian resident, do remember to file T1134. If you own 50/50 in the business, you can perhaps argue that this is a foreign affiliate only, and not a controlled foreign affiliate.