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sig-reduction

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OP's conspiracy theory is absolutely true. There is a whole thread of academic research estimating the right tail of the wealth distribution (spoiler: the Fed household finances microdata is garbage).

Diff the Bloomberg and Forbes rich lists... they're not the same list. One oligarch on those lists had their estimated net worth double after the Appleby leaks turned up some trusts. I'm pretty sure Bloomberg just calls people up and asks them how much they have.

I think OP has a good point. Although language if fuzzy, so are "binary" signals once you drill down to the physical layer. The fuzziness of language goes away if you allow yourself to assume an idealized language embedding model. Similar ideas are in an epsilon ball around the embedding of some concrete linguistic instantiation of the idea.

An example of a binary signal: "It is unambiguously true that a lab leak did not occur in Wuhan." The spread of this binary signal could be measured using the technique described above. A BERT embedding may suffice.

The channels are just tweets, DMs, and Vox articles.

Or is completely firewalled off from the world, and only accessible once you've authenticated yourself to your VPN. Or only reachable once you first authenticate (public/private keys, two factor crypto key auth, etc) to a bastion host, and then reach the system from the bastion.

There's a lot of attack surface in there. Port-knocking is supposed to be a way to reduce attack surface. It's a belt-and-suspenders approach to the reality that even fully patched openssh has exploitable bugs.

Using this tool, a MITM with an openssh 0day can just follow you in. KnockKnock [0] and tools like it do not suffer from this defect. This tool is conceptually similar to KnockKnock, using OTP instead of a monotonic counter. Using OTP opens it up to replay attacks.

https://github.com/moxie0/knockknock

I've always wanted to understand the geopolitics of oil and gas. Despite much interested reading, I can never quite figure out what's going on.

One of the more interesting quote's I've encountered along the way, "The foreign tax rates of U.S. oil multinationals fell significantly after the first Gulf War, during which the United States intervened to protect Kuwait, a major oil producer. Although it is not possible to know for sure what caused this decline, a possible interpretation of the fall in taxes collected by oil-producing countries is that they reflect a return on military protection granted by the United States to oil-producing States."

Figure 2 on page 20 has the discontinuity.

https://gabriel-zucman.eu/files/WrightZucman2018.pdf