This makes no sense. A person who studies medicine, knows what his comparative advantage is, or should be. A business that makes springs, knows where to focus their energy in order to compete. The idea that a country doesn't know is because a country doesn't have an over-seeing rule-maker (a government) defining the rules of play.
Outside of a regulatory framework, in modern economics, comparative advantage won't work. It will be those with the most power (derived from success or money or something else) will win. Those with the most resources wins. And yes those who can game the system will win. Otherwise you'd take the 'capital' out of capitalism. After all, who wouldn't capitalize over the stupidity of another country that let you take advantage of it?
Outside of natural resources, can you please tell me how an area on this earth can have an advantage over another area. I am befuddled by this argument for free trade, in regards to countries.