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hgsgm

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You can't simply ignore the base rate, even if you don't know it.

In a purely random world, 5% of experiments are false positives, at p=0.05. None are true positives.

In a well ordered world with brilliant hypotheses, there are no false positives.

If more than 5% of experiments show positive results at p=0.05, some of them are probably true, so you can try to replicate them with lower p.

p=0.05 is a filter for "worth trying to replicate" (but even that is modulated by cost of replication vs value of result).

The crisis in science is largely that people confuse "publishable" with "probably true". Anything "probably better then random guessing" is publishable to help other researchers, but that doesn't mean it's probably true.

The leaked salary data from Google reveals that employees with longer tenure with the company and who held higher-level positions tended to have higher salaries.

And Women and Black people are underrepresented in higher level roles.

Saved you a click on barely English articles.

Sure, if you create a larger object it can contain two smaller objects.

But that construction is so general that it contains all proofs of the from "There exists X that does not have not property Y" that proceed by constructing something that lacks the property, and stuffs the proof into the diagram.

I don't think that matches. In your version, "before" implies that something happened that affected the goodbye-saying.

In the song, "before" is an adverb referring to the current time in the story, which does not impact the goodbye-saying.

I can only make yours scan if I interpret it as "She said goodbye too many times before... I stopped taking her back.