My objective is to better understand how computers work, how ruby works...
Check out Pat Shaughnessy's Ruby Under a Microscope [0].
It gives a nice overview of the internals of MRI. It doesn't cover a who lot of the C code, but references plenty of it and where it can be found in the source code of MRI. Grab the book, the source for MRI, and do some digging.
[0] https://www.amazon.com/Ruby-Under-Microscope-Illustrated-Int...