I think its sad that goals are used as means.
Goals for me is a set state in this world you want to achieve. The goals can be long term as short term. They can be implausible(things you can't control) or possible(chance to happen). They don't describe the path to reach this state. And if a goal is to follow a certain path, then still the amount of different possibilities to follow the path is tremendous. The goals can be reached in many different ways. The goals can be open or restrictive. But if a goal would be the only way it would be a very long recorded goal encompassing all possibilities(which I doubt anyone could create).
Systems on the other hand is for me a sort of method. It describes how you should do something or how to reach something, as a goal, or at least go in the right direction(removing or reducing non-goal possibilities).
I agree that to think about the restrictions and the possibilities to reach a goal and implement a system to deal with these parameters is better than focusing on the goal. But I think the article makes it more confusing with terms when it takes examples of systems that could as much be set as goals or the other way around.