Cross-Site Scripting? In PHP Notices? It's more likely than you think

https://nealpoole.com/blog/2011/08/cross-site-scripting-via-error-reporting-notices-in-php/

by nbpoole • 15 years ago

43 14 15 years ago

hartror• 15 years ago

As the OP points out this shouldn't be an issue on production systems as display_errors shouldn't be turned on.

From the PHP docs [1]:

    This is a feature to support your development and should never be used on production systems (e.g. systems connected to the internet).

Of course how many of the notoriously lazy/incompetent PHP developers we have all had to deal with in our lives have RTFM.

So could PHP perhaps HTML encode error messages? Would this break any error message use cases? For example are there times when error messages appear when they wouldn't be interpreted as HTML encoded? CLI? Browsers loading different text mime types?

[1] http://www.php.net/manual/en/errorfunc.configuration.php#ini...

nbpoole4• 15 years ago

> So could PHP perhaps HTML encode error messages? Would this break any error message use cases? For example are there times when error messages appear when they wouldn't be interpreted as HTML encoded? CLI? Browsers loading different text mime types?

This is something PHP already gets right with warnings, fatal errors, etc. The issue is only with notices as far as I've seen (I haven't delved into the PHP source to see what the difference is).

A demonstration file:

    [cmd]$ cat 147b9119e818c92f7f74bad71cc12255.php
    <?php
    echo file_get_contents('<s>test</s>');

Compare:

    [cmd]$ php -f 147b9119e818c92f7f74bad71cc12255.php

    Warning: file_get_contents(<s>test</s>): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in /home/nbsandbox/sandboxing.me/poc/147b9119e818c92f7f74bad71cc12255.php on line 2

http://sandboxing.me/poc/147b9119e818c92f7f74bad71cc12255.ph...

    <br />
    <b>Warning</b>:  file_get_contents(&lt;s&gt;test&lt;/s&gt;) [<a href='function.file-get-contents'>function.file-get-contents</a>]: failed to open stream: No such file or directory in <b>/home/nbsandbox/sandboxing.me/poc/147b9119e818c92f7f74bad71cc12255.php</b> on line <b>2</b><br />

georgefox• 15 years ago

I know what you mean, but the link you provided doesn't actually seem to be doing any HTML encoding.

pilif2• 15 years ago

So with this I can XSS myself while in development mode on my development system? That's handy.

There are so many good reasons to turn off display_error during production use, one of which is to not have a broken page due to errors appearing all over the place which even the laziest PHP developer who only cares about "stuff working" would appreciate.

That it also leaks important internal information is another side-effect which generally isn't as appreciated though.

Also the article is showing this code:

    // Undefined function
    error_reporting(E_ALL);
    echo $_GET['funct']();

which they admit is a "rarely used pattern". I would certainly hope so as it is also only marginally better than

    eval($_GET['data']);

or just

    echo "the root password for this machine is: pAsswoRd";

nbpoole4• 15 years ago

> So with this I can XSS myself while in development mode on my development system? That's handy.

Or someone can send you a URL that points to your dev server and contains a payload. Or someone can send a URL to the developer across the street who uses shared hosting where display_errors is enabled by default.

I'm not arguing that this is a feasible attack to pull off against most applications: it most certainly is not. I'm arguing that it shouldn't be possible to pull it off at all, even in the small percentage of applications that might be affected. There is no good reason PHP should be displaying this information unsanitized.

---

You're 100% correct about the example you're pointing out. If you're allowing arbitrary functions called from the user, you're in much bigger trouble. ;-)

I originally noticed and reported the issue with the first example, which triggers a simple, common undefined index notice:

    <?php
    error_reporting(E_ALL);
    $array = array();
    echo $array[$_GET['index']];

I only included the others for the sake of completeness. I've updated the code sample to note that.

pilif2• 15 years ago

> Or someone can send you a URL that points to your dev server and contains a payload.

That is theoretically possible, though what they would be able to do is to deal damage to my development install (if I don't to CSRF protection on POST operations) or they could potentially hijack my current session on my development system, which, too I don't deem too critical.

> who uses shared hosting where display_errors is enabled by default

   init_set('display_errors', 0);

Even on a shared host you can turn display_errors off.

> There is no good reason PHP should be displaying this information unsanitized.

I agree, especially because they already do some escaping of their own errors (and consequently don't escape while running in the CLI SAPI)

smsm42• 15 years ago

Is there any other language that encodes its error messages so they are 100% XSS safe?

ricardosdl• 15 years ago

Unfortunately it doesn't seems a rarely used pattern:

http://www.google.com/codesearch#search/&q=%5C$_GET%5C%5...

j_col• 15 years ago

I think if I was dumb enough to leave display_error on in production, I'd have a bigger problem with crackers being able to figure out sensitive details about my system from said error messages than worrying about them injecting scripts into them. Not saying that I have not seen this in the wild, but I have zero sympathy for those that don't carry out these basic steps to secure their production servers.

dave1010uk• 15 years ago

This is an example of CWE-81: "Improper Neutralization of Script in an Error Message Web Page" [1].

For those of you working with WordPress, this is the code you need in wp-config.php to log errors but not show them in web pages:

    define('WP_DEBUG', true);
    define('WP_DEBUG_DISPLAY', false);
    define('WP_DEBUG_LOG', true);

[1] http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/81.html

veloper• 15 years ago

This really falls under a few important coding mantras...

    Never trust the user.
    Never assume.
    Don't do stupid shit.

randomdrake• 15 years ago

I agree with many of the issues raised here and had my own issues with the blog post.

I wrote up a response which contains more acceptable conclusions/fixes to the issues you present.

http://randomdrake.com/2011/08/18/no-php-errors-and-notices-...

nbpoole4• 15 years ago

Thanks, I just responded on your blog.

Cross-Site Scripting? In PHP Notices? It's more likely than you think

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