An Introduction to WebRTC Simulcast

https://blog.livekit.io/an-introduction-to-webrtc-simulcast-6c5f1f6402eb

by shanewwarren • 5 years ago

64 14 5 years ago

blog.livekit.io

This approach of the broadcasting "peer" sending multiple streams (with varying bitrates) to a relaying server is a neat solution. This is done to avoid transcoding on the relay servers, so it makes the servers cheap. It is superior to:

Lower[ring] the bitrate of everyone’s streams so it doesn’t overwhelm the slow user (i.e. the lowest common denominator)

However, it's still a lowest common denominator solution with respect to what codec is being used. The broadcasting "peer" has to send using a codec that every other peer supports. Essentially that means you're stuck with the lowest common denominator codec.

If the relay server was to instead transcode, then the broadcasting peer could submit a single stream (lower bandwidth) in the best codec it supports. Then the relay server would generate additional streams in various bitrates and codecs (something this solution is trying to avoid).

So unfortunately there's still a trade-off.

The article does mention "Scalable video codecs" as a future improvement. However, using the approach described in this article, we're a long way off taking advantage of them, because whilst there's no transcoding every participant would need to support VP9/AV1.

jtsiskin• 5 years ago

How often is that really a problem though?

allo372• 5 years ago

Codec support is a very annoying issue on mobile. Hardware support for VP9 (let alone AV1) codecs is relatively recent on Android devices, and Apple doesn't provide HW acceleration for Google's codecs at all (or at least not when I was trying to do it).

MayeulC2• 5 years ago

I would really like to see some projects that leverage SVC, as I haven't seen a single example (and ffmpeg doesn't support them).

Sean-Der3• 5 years ago

I believe Galene does[0] Juliusz was working on pion/RTP for it. You can see all the details here [1]

[0] https://github.com/jech/galene

[1] https://github.com/pion/rtp/blob/master/codecs/vp9_packet.go

davidz• 5 years ago

However, it's still a lowest common denominator solution with respect to what codec is being used. The broadcasting "peer" has to send using a codec that every other peer supports. Essentially that means you're stuck with the lowest common denominator codec.

This is correct, though I wouldn't call them "inferior codecs": all WebRTC capable browsers support both H.264 and VP8 as required by the specs.

Sean-Der3• 5 years ago

LiveKit is an amazing project. If you haven’t had a chance check it out. It’s the first time I have seen WebRTC approached by people who know Cloud/Scaling and it’s all a open source!

jvilalta• 5 years ago

When I click on get started it sends me to medium, which is now asking me to create an account. Not the best experience.

pthatcherg2• 5 years ago

That's a well written article covering the basics of simulcast.

If you're interested in seeing an implementation of an SFU doing simulcast forwarding written in Rust, we (at Signal) recently open sourced our SFU:

https://github.com/signalapp/Signal-Calling-Service/blob/mai...

pthatcherg2• 5 years ago

Does anyone know where LiveKit's implementation of congestion control is? I can't find it looking through their code and to me that's a major sign of the maturity or completeness of an SFU. For example, Jitsi, Signal's SFU, and (I think) MediaSoup have it. But I've not yet seen a pion-based implementation of congestion control and I'm hoping that LiveKit has fixed that. But I can't find it.

An Introduction to WebRTC Simulcast

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