Etymology of the Word “Lord”

https://www.etymonline.com/word/lord

by jasim • 5 years ago

70 44 5 years ago

kebman4• 5 years ago

Bread in Russian means хлеб (khleb), and in Bulgarian хляб (khlyab). IMHO not so different from Old English hlaf. In Norwegian we use the word loff for white and soft bread, and as far as I know Brits call it a loaf of bread. But everyday bread is just brød in Norwegian, which is of course very similar to the English word bread. Interestingly I know Life of Boris likes his бутерброд (buterbrod), which is basically a buttered slice of bread, or—you know—a sandwhich. Another interesting use for grains is the making of beer, which is also an extremely interesting word, etymologically speaking.

mdturnerphys• 5 years ago

Yes, the Slavic "хлеб", etc., appear to be cognates with the Germanic "loaf", etc. Wiktionary [0] says they both come from Proto-Germanic "hlaibaz" (reconstructed [1]).

[0] https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/loaf#Etymology_1

[1] https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Reconstructed_term...

CRConrad• 5 years ago

Proto-Germanic "hlaibaz"

Still there in modern German for "loaf": "Laib".

throwaway894345• 5 years ago

If you like grain and etymology, you might like the etymology of “barn”:

barn (n.): "covered building for the storage of farm produce," Old English bereærn "barn," literally "barley house," from bere "barley" (see barley) + aern "house," metathesized from rann, rasn (source also of Old Norse rann "large house," Gothic razn "house," Old English rest "resting place"). For the formation, compare Old English sealtærn "saltworks," horsern "stable." In Anglo-Saxon England, barley was a primary grain crop. Barley was not always the only crop grown as the data recovered at Bishopstone might suggest but it is always the most commonly represented, followed by wheat and then rye and oats. [C.J. Arnold, "An Archaeology of the Early Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms," 1988, p.36]
Another word for "barn" in Old English was beretun, "barley enclosure" (from tun "enclosure, house"), which accounts for the many Barton place names on the English map, and the common surname. Applied from early 18c. to any large, barn-like building. Barn door has been used figuratively for "broad target" since 1670s and "great size" since 1540s. Barn-owl attested by 1670s. Barn-raising "a collective effort by neighbors or community members to erect the frame of a barn for one of them, accompanied by a social gathering" is attested by 1849.

https://www.etymonline.com/word/barn

You might also like The History of English Podcast; I highly recommend it: https://historyofenglishpodcast.com/

Tagbert• 5 years ago

I second the recommendation of the History of English. It is a fascinating podcast.

progre2• 5 years ago

And "tun" (enclosure, in Swedish the word means the space between farmhouses on a farm) is the root of the english word "town".

gerdesj• 5 years ago

In Plymouth (Devon, not MA) there is a region called Barne Barton!

Derek_Mudaxe4• 5 years ago

A slice of bread with butter is not a sandwich, it's just bread and butter or buttered bread. Sandwich is a placename, sandy vik, the food item is named after an earl/eoarl/yarl/jarl (take your pick).

Nux• 5 years ago

In other words "sandwich" is an eponym.

kebman4• 5 years ago

Just slap the колбаса on the bread instead of your face, and there's your sandwich!

beebeepka• 5 years ago

It's actually "hlyab" / "hleb", without the extra "k". We are not Arabs.

On a related note, an old friend of mine was really into Norwegian back in the day. He used to say Norwegian is very similar to English. Is that true?

progre2• 5 years ago

Lots of words are similar. Both are decendants of old norse, but English has accuired quite a bit of latin since the Norman conquest

hackyhacky• 5 years ago

"kh" is a very typical English transliteration of the IPA /x/, which is also represented by the Russian letter Х. Similarly, "ch" represents, sometimes, the IPA /tɕ/. In contrast, "h" does not at all represent the sound /x/ in English.

MandieD• 5 years ago

It’s “chleb” in Czech, at least in the dialect spoken by the ones who ended up in Central Texas - I remember the sign hanging over the bread aisle in the Czech Stop in West (get the sausage and sauerkraut kolache). “Laib” is Franconian (northern Bavaria) for loaf, and might be part of other regional dialects or German, in general.

kebman4• 5 years ago

It's actually "hlyab" / "hleb", without the extra "k".

Not to worry, it's just transliterated like that because it's a velar fricative, sort of like—but not completely similar to—the Ch-sound in the German word ach. In any case I think you'll agree that it's pretty distinct from the breathy H-sound commonly found in Germanic languages.

He used to say Norwegian is very similar to English. Is that true?

Yes and no. Bessides both being Germanic languages, English has a ton of Germanic loan-words from the viking age, and indeed older related words from the Saxons themselves. This makes part of the languages familiar to each other, and thus easier to learn. But really, the thing that makes English the most easy to learn for Scandinavians is the lack of dubbing on British and American films and TV shows over here. Being smaller nations, it's viewed as more economic to simply subtitle foreign shows. On the other hand, the guys who seems to have the easiest time learning Norwegian, outside other Scandinavians, are the Dutch. On the other hand English has way more Latin and French loanwords than in Scandinavian (though, granted, Swedish probably have more modern French loanwords due to their French lineage king).

You've got a similar situation, if you picture the different Slavic languages, such as Polish vs Bulgarian. I bet you think Bulgarian is easier to learn than Polish. Correct me if I'm wrong. :)

yawaramin2• 5 years ago

On a side note, one of the things I love about iOS/macOS is the built-in dictionary with etymology, which I often use to indulge my curiosity.

schoen• 5 years ago

Linux users can try "dict", which is great, although weirdly it queries a network server for this information.

dredmorbius3• 5 years ago

Well, the client and server are distinct. For a desktop system you can simply install both dict (client) and dictd (server), along with the various dictionaries.

The C/S element comes in handy on systems where the client is available, but dictionaries aren't. So from MacOS I can query my local Linux box.

(Debian has numerous dictionaries, including the US Census Gazeteer files, and others --- any information that can be represented in the dict format and be keyword-queried, basically. Quite handy.)

whatshisface• 5 years ago

Give us this day our daily bread.

baggy_trough• 5 years ago

Nobody really knows how to translate the "daily" in that sentence because it's a word that appears nowhere else.

drummojg• 5 years ago

A hapax legomenon, one of my favorite literary terms.

throw0101a• 5 years ago

For anyone curious:

Epiousios (ἐπιούσιος) is a Greek adjective used in the Lord's Prayer verse "Τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον δὸς ἡμῖν σήμερον"[a] 'Give us today our epiousion bread'. Because the word is used nowhere else, its meaning is unclear. It is traditionally translated as "daily", but most modern scholars reject that interpretation.

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiousios

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapax_legomenon

dredmorbius3• 5 years ago

OT:

  etym () 
  { 
      realw3m=/usr/bin/w3m;
      $realw3m -T text/html "https://www.etymonline.com/word/${1}"
  }

You're welcome.

("realw3m" as I often otherwise alias or define w3m as a bash function so that it loads my bookmarks file by default if given no arguments.)

asveikau• 5 years ago

Old English has that quality where you can squint at it being a modern English speaker and it almost makes sense. "Loaf ward" sounds like a fair description, if clumsy, of somebody who guards bread.

But then "ward" is often a building or section, or, a minor under protection. Maybe "warden" keeps the meaning while being etymologically similar.

Edit: after a bit of googling it seems that ward and warden are cognates (alongside guard and others), but the former is from Old English, and the latter is a later import from French, though French speakers got it from Germanic sources.

slver• 5 years ago

Do you have a few minutes to spare to hear about God, our loaf ward and cheese savior?

hanche• 5 years ago

I love cheeses and cheeses loves me.

OJFord• 5 years ago

Blesséd are the cheese saviours?

tosh• 5 years ago

german: Torwart / Torhüter

english: goalkeeper

kybernetikos• 5 years ago

And of course 'wardrobe', something to guard your robe.

literallyaduck• 5 years ago

Keeper of the loaf. Guardian of the Garlic Bread. Yeoman of the yeast. Barrier of the Baguette. Protector of the Pumpernickel. Savior of the sourdough. Knight of the nine grains.

Etymology of the Word “Lord”

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